This is also noted in the above image as natan is underlined in red. At this point, if the oleh has recently been in danger of death (such as serious sickness or surgery or an airplane flight or captivity), he will add the Birkhat HaGomel a blessing of thanks to God "who has dealt kindly with me". Loud enough for the congregation to hear plainly. Recite the first blessing (we will have a copy of the Hebrew and transliteration waiting for you), and stay close to the Bar/Bat Mitzvah to enjoy the Torah reading. In most synagogues, to have an aliyah, one must be Jewish . When multiple special occasions occur at the same time, there is a standard order of precedence. Doing Business As: SCHNAKER MARTIN TRANSLATION. [3] Since the 19th century CE, Reform and Conservative Judaism have made adaptations to the practice of Torah reading, but the basic pattern of Torah reading has usually remained the same: As a part of the morning or afternoon prayer services on certain days of the week or holidays, a section of the Pentateuch is read from a Torah scroll. Blessed are You, Adonai, Giver of the Torah. 2. Aliyah. The cycle of weekly readings is fixed. All of the rituals we . Sephardic women, primarily those from Syria, Iran, and Iraq, make an ululating sound after the Torah honoree (especially a bar mitzvah or bridegroom) has concluded the final blessing or has left the bimah to take his seat. In most congregations, the oleh does not himself read the Torah aloud. Traditionally, only men could be called for an aliyah, however today women are also called to the Torah in non-Orthodox communities. An aliyah (Hebrew , or aliya and other variant English spellings) is the calling of a member of a Jewish congregation up to the bimah for a segment of the formal Torah reading. 2] Sarah died in Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan, and Abraham proceeded to mourn for Sarah and to bewail her. For the immigration of Jews to Israel, see, The Mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen The first Aliyah, "Guidance to Shuls and Communities on Reopening", "Non-gendered way to call Jews to the Torah gets Conservative approval", "Conservative rabbis approve a new way to call nonbinary people up to Torah", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aliyah_(Torah)&oldid=1116108956, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 October 2022, at 21:17. The Talmud does not appear to separate these two functions, referring primarily to the latter (Meg. A women is not a worthy representative of the community. The mitzvah of Torah reading was based on the Biblical commandment of Hakhel (Deuteronomy 31:1013), by which once every 7 years the entire people was to be gathered, "men, women and children,"[9] and hear much of Deuteronomy, the final volume of the Pentateuch, read to them (see the closing chapters of the Talmudic tractate Sotah) by the King. 10. The remaining aliyot are distributed among the rest of the congregation, who are classified as Israelites. Nevertheless, a Kohen or Levite may be called for the seventh aliyah on the Sabbath or for maftir, which is given to the person who reads the haftarah (Git. According to the Shulchan Arukh, if it is necessary to choose between these two traditions, one should take the shorter route, even if this requires going up from the left (Orakh Hayim 141:7). Ba-rukh a-ta Adonai, e-lo-hey-nu me-lekh ha-o-lam, a-sher ba-khar ba-nu mee-kol ha-a-meem vna-tan la-nu et To-ra-to. Blessed are You, LORD our God, king of the universe, who chose us from all the peoples and gave to us His Torah. After Aliyah Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu melech ha'olam, asheir natan lanu torat emet, v'chayei olam nata b'tocheinu. Scroll down for the text of the blessings said before and after an aliyah. Based on this in most Orthodox congregations, only men are called to the Torah. 6. Blessed are You, Adonai, Provider of the Torah. *Move to the other side of the podium and remain there for one more aliyah. [Hebrew Name] ben (son of) [Father's Hebrew name] [Ha-Kohen (the Kohen) / Ha-Levi (the Levite)] These members of the priestly caste and descendants of Aaron were to be shown honor and deference because they were consecrated to God and offered the sacrifices to the Lord (Lev. You have been asked to receive a Torah Aliyah mazel tov! aliyot may be given out as a means of honoring members for their contributions to the congregation instead of on the basis of the ancient castes. In addition, the entrance to the Temple Mount was from the right (Mid. Eventually, the rabbis ordained that a professional reader do the reading to avoid embarrassing those who were unable to read the Torah script (Shabbat 11a). In the event that someone missed an entire week's services and as a result had not responded to the reader's daily invocation of Barechu, he may make up for it by responding to the Barechu of the seven blessings of the aliyot. Blessed are You, God, who gives Torah to us. This video follows along with the transliteration of the blessing recited before the readin. WHAT DO I DO DURING THE SERVICE? WHAT IF TWO OR MORE OF US WILL RECEIVE A TORAH ALIYAH ? The honoree (or, more usually, a designated reader) recites a blessing over the Torah, between each verse. The reading of a selection from the Prophets originated in the time of the Mishnah (Megillah 24a). In either of these cases, an announcement is made that the individual is being awarded the aliyah in place of the Kohen (bimkom Kohen). Brachot for aliyah in Hebrew english and transliterated from mellel Author: One observing yahrzeit for a parent on that day. abridgement of the portion read (sometimes by instituting a triennial cycle) and reducing of the number of. Ba-ruch a-ta a-do-nai No-tein ha-to-rah. Then kiss the tzitzit. How to do an Aliyah at Temple Rodef Shalom Watch on 8. On Shabbat (Saturday) mornings, a weekly section (known as a sedra or parashah) is read, selected so that the entire Pentateuch is read consecutively each year. In some Conservative and Reform congregations, two or more people are frequently called up for the same aliyah, especially when there is a bar or bat mitzvah. Regular public reading of the Torah was introduced by Ezra the Scribe after the return of the Judean exiles from the Babylonian captivity (c.537 BCE), as described in the Book of Nehemiah. * Recite the "Blessing After the Reading" (see below). Comprised of the Mishnah and the Gemara, it contains the opinions of thousands of rabbis from different periods in Jewish history. It is also important to remember that this is a significant ritual moment; please refrain from unnecessary conversation, both as you gather on the bimah and especially while the Bar/Bat Mitzvah is reading from the Torah. (Sales figure is modelled). They also authorized non-gendered language for calling up Cohens and Levis (descendants of the tribe of Levi) as well as a way to address people without gendered language during the prayer Mi Shebeirach. On rare occasions, such as when a Rosh Chodesh falls on a Shabbat that also commemorates another occasion, such as Hanukkah or when one of the four special additional readings read prior to Passover, there are two additional readings and three scrolls (if available) are read. In Jewish custom, baby boys are named in a special ceremony, known as a brit milah, but baby girls are often named during the Torah reading on Shabbat or a holiday, with the father (in non-egalitarian congregations) or both parents (in egalitarian congregations) being called up for an aliyah prior to the naming, and a special blessing for the baby. These extra aliyot (hosafot) allow one or more additional persons to have the honor of being called up to the Torah. 5:8). A synagogue official, called a gabbai, calls up several people (men in Orthodox and some Conservative congregations,[1] or both men and women in others), in turn, to be honored with an aliyah (Hebrew: ; pl. In both Orthodox and Conservative congregations, it is common practice to give out an aliyah to a man (or woman, in Conservative congregations) who has just recovered from a serious illness, or returned from a long trip, or survived some other significant danger, in order to allow him (or her) to recite a special blessing, known as "benching gomel", although technically one can "bench gomel" even without receiving an Aliyah. Transliteration: Boruch atoh ado-noy elo-haynu melech ho-olom, asher nosan lonu toras emes, v'cha-yay olom nota b'sochaynu. to ascend Add a meaning Synonyms for Aliyah Pronounced: MITZ-vuh or meetz-VAH, Origin: Hebrew, commandment, also used to mean good deed. When the portion is finished, the oleh then says the concluding benediction: WHAT IS AN ALIYAH ? The process is often expedited by splitting the congregants into multiple rooms, to each of which a Torah is brought for the reading. After the Aliyah has been read, you will continue to recite the blessing after the Torah reading. It is an honor to be asked to recite these blessings, and their recitation should be done with respect and with care. Ikuv keriah, rarely practiced today, was a procedure by which community members could have their grievances addressed by interfering with the service at the time the Torah was removed from the Ark. Quite simply, it means you have been asked to recite the blessings before and after the reading of the Torah. Then the next oleh is called. The oleh takes his place at the desk facing the open scroll, the verse where his portion begins is pointed out for him, he may kiss the scroll (usually by kissing the corner of his prayer shawl or the Torah wrapping and then touching that to the margin not the writing of the scroll), and then he may close his eyes, or avert his face, or otherwise indicate that the blessing he is about to recite is not being read from the text of the Torah. Blessing Before Torah reading Transliterated Author: Alan Created Date: 1/19/2007 8:40:40 AM . Bar'chu es Adonai ham'vorach. Generally speaking, when major Jewish holidays occur on Shabbat the holiday portion is read, although divided into the seven portions for Shabbat rather than the number appropriate for the holiday there is a special reading for when Shabbat coincides with the Chol HaMoed (intermediate days) of Passover or Sukkot. The medieval Ashkenazic custom (according to Moses Isserles) was to bow toward the scroll during Hagbaha; pointing with the pinky, first recorded as a "Russian" custom by the 1912 Jewish Encyclopedia, was codified by the Me'am Loez in 1969. Most major and minor festival and fast days have a unique Torah reading devoted to that day. A more acceptable reason is the midrashic explanation for the seven benedictions on the Sabbath (in place of the eighteen). Most but not all Conservative congregations permit women to have an aliyah for at least part of the reading. According to Orthodox Judaism, the first oleh (person called to read) is a kohen and the second a levi; the remaining olim are yisr'elim Jews who are neither kohen nor levi. However, when Shabbat coincides with minor holidays, such as Rosh Chodesh (New month) or Hanukkah, the regular reading for Shabbat is read, plus an additional reading (maftir) relevant to the occasion. When a festival or Yom Kippur coincides with Shabbat the readings are divided into seven aliyot instead of five or six. Baruch Atah Adonai, noten ha-Torah. This practice is thought to avert the evil designs of malevolent spirits determined to cast a pall on all joyous events, similar to the original rationale for breaking a glass at the end of the wedding ceremony. [further explanation needed]The introduction of public reading of the Torah by Ezra the Scribe after the return of the Judean exiles is described in Nehemiah Chapter 8. This is the sheet used at Temple Emanu-El for our Torah Blessing. When needed for reading, the Torah is removed from the ark by someone chosen for the honor from among the congregants; specific prayers are recited as it is removed. and life everlasting within us. Video Watch a short instructional video on how to perform an Aliyah at Temple Rodef Shalom. Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheynu melech ha'olam. Boruch atoh ado-noy , nosayn ha-toroh. While reciting the blessings he holds both handles of the scroll, and if the actual scroll reading is done by someone else, the oleh steps to the side but continues to hold with one hand one of the scroll's handles. Some congregations try to provide aliyot for those who are or will be observing yahrzeit for someone other than a parent, often in the format of a group aliyah. WHO MAY RECEIVE A TORAH ALIYAH ? One observing yahrzeit for a parent during the coming week. There are two traditions concerning the proper way to approach the bimah when called for an aliyah. Once again, you will begin with "Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha'olam," but instead of saying Asher Bachar Banu, you say Asher NATAN Lanu. Each reads a section of the day's Torah portion. Although around the world, including North America, many congregations will have a trained scroll reader for the actual recitation, the very considerable honor of the reading is attributed to the oleh. This ruling was extended to prohibit two people from being called up to the Torah together, even if only to recite the blessings, since worshipers unable to hear the words clearly would not be permitted to respond amen.. Choose from the following: Blessings Sheet Open and print the Torah Blessings Sheet so that you can read from the Hebrew, transliterated Hebrew (English letters) or simply read the English translation. In most but not all Conservative synagogues, women can receive an aliyah and can chant from the Torah out loud ("leyn"). The final regular aliyah is known as Kol HaNe'arim, in which minor children (under Bar/Bat Mitzvah age) are called for a joint aliyah. . This is based on the midrashic phrase, the last [one] is most beloved (Gen. R. 78:8), which relates to Genesis 33:2, in which Jacob, fearing a conflict with his brother, Esau, placed his adored Rachel and her son Joseph in the safest position at the rear. a Jewish child does not have to be called to the Torah for an aliyah to become a bar or bat mitzvah. "Hagbah" is the term for raising the Torah, which is performed by the magbiah; "gelilah" is the word for rolling up and tying the Torah scroll and replacing its cover and ornaments, which is done by the goleil. You may be doing this alone, or with one or more additional people; ask if youre not sure. SCHNAKER MARTIN TRANSLATION has 1 employees at this location and generates $138,000 in sales (USD). Help vulnerable Jews facing the crisis in Ukraine with emergency aid. This month we're going to learn Hebrew phrases relating to Jewish faith and culture. or by appointment 2:2). You will bless The Lord the Blessed one. ( or "who is to be blessed "). After that, men are called with: "Ya'amod (Let him arise), [Hebrew Name] ben (son of) [Father's Hebrew name] [Ha-Kohen (the Kohen) / Ha-Levi (the Levite)] (the name of the Aliyah in Hebrew)." Praised are You, O God, Creator of the Universe, who has chosen us from among the peoples to receive Your Torah. On Simchat Torah (Hebrew: , "Joyous celebration of the Torah"), the order of weekly readings is completed, and the day is celebrated with various customs involving the Torah. (The text of the blessings, in both Hebrew and transliteration, will be available for your use at the Torah reading table.) One required to recite the blessing of gomel. (This assumes that such people are available; there are rules in place for what is done if they are not.) [Translation: Praised are You, O God, Creator of the Universe, Who has given us a Torah of truth and has implanted within us eternal life. At Kol Ami, each of us is free to decide what ritual clothing we wish to wear or not wear. The Chazzan takes the Torah scroll in his right arm and recites "Let them praise the name of HaShem, for his name alone will have been exalted." The congregation responds with the traditional blessing: In addition, in Talmudic times, the one receiving an Aliyah would read his own portion, but most communities today have an institution of a, Rambam, Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Tefillah 12:1. The Chief Rabbi of the Commonwealth, Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis stated that women were not permitted to read from the Torah in the United Synagogues.[28]. The respective titles for women are "Magbihah" and "Golelet". Blessed are You, LORD, giver of the Torah. Pronounced: BEE-muh, Origin: Hebrew, literally stage, this is the raised platform in a synagogue from which services are led and the the Torah is read. Watch this video to learn the blessing said at the beginning of the aliyah: Watch this video to learn the blessing said at the end of the aliyah: It is a dishonor to the Torah to leave the bimah immediately after reciting the final blessing that concludes the aliyah. The Talmud states that "anyone can be called up to read from the Torah, even a minor and even a woman, but our sages taught that we do not call a woman on account of Kevod Hatzibur" (the dignity of the congregation; Megillah 23a). Each oleh, after being called to the Torah, approaches it, recites a benediction, a portion is read, and the oleh concludes with another benediction. The haftarah usually relates in some way to either the Torah reading of that day, a theme of the holiday, or the time of year. When the Torah is read on the afternoon of a fast day (and on Yom Kippur), the third aliyah is considered the maftir, and is followed immediately by the haftarah. Reform and some liberal Conservative synagogues have abolished the distinction between Kohen, Levite, and Israelite, both because it is difficult to be certain of the lineage of any Jew (though a genetic characteristic of Kohanim has been reported) and because of a belief in equality for all their members. If there is no Kohen, a Levite has the next priority. [2] In the modern era, Orthodox Jews practice Torah reading according to a set procedure almost unchanged since the Talmudic era. where the Torah reader points. Then recite the second blessing, give the Bar/Bat Mitzvah a hug and a kiss, then you may return to your seat. The Holy Ark is usually found in the front of the sanctuary, and is a central element of synagogue architecture. During the hakafot, most or all of the synagogue's Torah scrolls are removed from the Holy Ark, and carried around the Bimah by members of the congregation. 2022 International Fellowship of Christians and Jews. Torah reading (Hebrew: , K'riat haTorah, "Reading [of] the Torah"; Ashkenazic pronunciation: Kriyas haTorah) is a Jewish religious tradition that involves the public reading of a set of passages from a Torah scroll. Just as with one who reads from the Torah, the person who recites the Torah blessings must be Jewish and at least 13 years of age. hakafah; some communities have hakafot without subsequently reading the Torah.) The second person to be called to the Torah is a Levite, a descendant of the family that also played a major role in the Temple service. After the Blessings Baruch Adonai ham'vorach l'olam va'ed. Babylonian Jewry completed the reading of the Torah within one year. In this way, the potential for bias among synagogue leaders is eliminated, resentment among worshipers is reduced and dissension is avoided. This honor is sometimes given to a child under Bar Mitzvah age. You recite: Ba-rukh Adonai ham-vo-rakh lo-lam va-ed. In many communities, the Torah is read at night a unique occurrence, preceded by seven rounds of song and dance (hakafot, sing. The major parts of the Saturday morning service. According to an old tradition, those commemorating specific events in their lives are given precedence in receiving the honor of being called to the Torah. Then the next oleh is called. According to Orthodox Judaism, the first oleh (person called to read) is a kohen and the second a levi; the third oleh is Yisr'el, Jews who are neither kohen nor levi. There are four aliyot on Rosh Hodesh and on the intermediate days (hol hamoed) of Passover and Sukkot; five on Rosh Hashanah and on the festival days of Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot; six on the morning of Yom Kippur; and seven on Sabbath morning. Who has given us the Torah of the truth, (You may want to find out the tradition at your synagogue before you have analiyah.). In the Yemenite tradition, the Torah remains in a resting position while just the parchment is raised. Aliyah means "going up." It refers to the honor of going up to the sanctuary bimah (the space from which a service is led) to participate in one of our worship rituals. In some congregations, the scroll is instead placed on the bimah or handed to a different honoree (frequently a minor) to sit and hold. The officiant may add a benediction for the oleh's good health, and there are some other blessings that may be added depending on the situation. Please remember to practice together before the service begins; this will help you avoid any group awkwardness during the recitation from the bimah . The gabbai recites a Hebrew verse upon calling the first person to the Torah. The portion of the Torah is then read. In synagogues where women may receive aliyot, women are called with "Ta'amod (Let her arise), [Hebrew Name] bat (daughter of) [Father's Hebrew name] [Ha-Kohen (the Kohen) / Ha-Levi (the Levite)] (the name of the Aliyah in Hebrew).". On Jewish holidays, the reading relates to the day. [19] (This assumes that such people are available; there are rules in place for what is done if they are not.) You would do well to ask the Bar/Bat Mitzvah to listen to you practice; this will provide you with excellent feedback on how to do the blessings properly. This term is interpreted in numerous ways by various sources. In 1955, the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards authorized women to have an aliyah at Torah-reading services. It is an even greater honor to receive the final aliyah for each of the five books of the Torah. Three people are called to the Torah on Monday and Thursday mornings, on Sabbath afternoons, during the mincha service on Yom Kippur, on the festivals of Hanukkah and Purim, and on all fast days. A little "B" alliteration for you. THE FIRST BLESSING You recite: Bar-khu et Adonai ham-vo-rakh. [23], In North America, and elsewhere, many congregations extend the honor of an aliyah to visitors or new members, to members who have recently attained a major life event, and to the relatives of the bar mitzvah boy. Who chose us from among all nations and who gave us your Torah. 3. A groom or bride on the Sabbath after his/her wedding. WHAT DOES IT MEAN THAT I AM BEING GIVEN A TORAH ALIYAH ? Tuesdays 4:30-6:00 Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism have abolished special ritual roles for the descendants of the Biblical priestly and levitical castes. The seven benedictions correspond to the seven voices of God (kol) mentioned in the Twenty-ninth Psalm and again in connection with the giving of the Torah (beginning with Exodus 19:16, Midrash Yelamdenu). Meanings for Aliyah (Judaism) immigration of Jews to Israel (Judaism) the honor of being called up to the reading desk in the synagogue to read from the Torah It is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to the Land of Israel. When printed on both sides, it contains the Reconstructionist Torah blessings on one side, and the traditional blessings on the other. [citation needed], Mendel Shapiro and Daniel Sperber permit women to participate in regular Torah reading on Shabbat, in services known as "partnership minyanim". What you should know before you're called to the Torah. The Fellowships tax identification number is 36-3256096. Pronounced: TALL-mud, Origin: Hebrew, the set of teachings and commentaries on the Torah that form the basis for Jewish law. [24] It would be desirable that anyone who might expect such an honor would rehearse these blessings beforehand in order to do a creditable performance when the occasion occurs.[25]. The gabbai recites a Hebrew verse upon calling the first person to the Torah. If there is no Levite, an Israelite is called first. Prominent Modern Orthodox posqim, including Hershel Schachter, Mordechai Willig, Nisson Alpert, and others have ruled that this practice is not permitted. It is a joyful gathering when two or more people join together for Torah blessings. The person called to that aliyah, as well, is known as "the maftir." Blessed are You, O Lord, who gives the Torah. As the Hagbaha is performed, the congregation points toward the Torah scroll with their pinky fingers and recites Deut. 4. Company Description: SCHNAKER MARTIN TRANSLATION is located in Szczecin, zachodniopomorskie, Poland and is part of the Other Information Services Industry. Regarding subsequent Aliyot (4-7 on the Sabbath), according to the Ashkenazic tradition, these must be given to Yisr'elim, whereas according to the Sephardic tradition, they can be given to anyone. This arrangement has been retained by the Karaites and by modern congregations. 5:6-18), for which the congregation stands while the Torah is being read. Participate by reading and singing. In most congregations, the oleh does not themself read the Torah aloud. On Monday and Thursday mornings (except if there is another special reading) and on Saturday afternoons, a small section of the upcoming week's parashah is read, divided into three aliyot. WHAT DO I NEED TO PREPARE IN ADVANCE? In some Conservative synagogues, women who are, Some Conservative synagogues do not call a. ], Congregation Kol Ami252 Soundview AvenueWhite Plains, NY 10606P: (914) 949-4717F: (914) 946-8143, Our hours of operation are: It was then arranged that Deut. [4][5][6][7] On Sabbath afternoons, Mondays, and Thursdays, the beginning of the following Sabbath's portion is read. In Yemenite communities, the oleh reads the portion themself, while another person, usually a young boy, recites the Targum after each verse. The custom of pointing has no clear origin. some congregations may modify the order of the portions read; main Shabbat service on Friday night with Torah reading (some Reform congregations); some synagogues will give the option for the reader either to chant or simply read aloud the text; This page was last edited on 1 November 2022, at 00:49. Blessed are You, O Lord our God, king of all existence, It is a feminine name. The oleh will then say: [a] Copyright 2002-2022 My Jewish Learning. Depending on the custom in your synagogue, you may need to don a tallit before your aliyah. The person who receives the aliyah goes up to the bimah before the reading and recites a blessing for reading of the Torah. On holidays, maftir is read from the Torah verses describing the sacrifices brought in the Temple in Jerusalem on that particular holiday. Baruch atah Adonai, nosayn ha-torah. When a festival or Yom Kippur coincides with Shabbat the readings are divided into seven aliyot instead of five or six. THE SECOND BLESSING You recite: Barukh ata Adonai, elohaynu melekh haolam, asher natan lanu Torat emet vkhayay olam nata btokhaynu. ", Text, transliteration and recording of Torah blessings, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torah_reading&oldid=1119335034, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. 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The seventh aliyah and the impact of your support `` ) if You have any questions, please free This brief set of teachings and commentaries on the Sabbath before his/her wedding often In most congregations, and is part of the Pentateuch that relate to that day during Megillah 21a ) bother on the Sabbath ( in place of the blessing after reading Lanu Torat emet vkhayay olam nata btokhaynu is ( to be blessed `` ), men! ; `` ascent '' or `` going up '' ) Adonai, Eloheynu melech ha'olam platform. Before his/her wedding and Shulchan Aruch, Orach Hayim 282:3 more on aliyot ) roles may be! '' > blessing when called for an aliyah point to the accompaniment of specific prayers mazel! ; there are seven aliyot go up reason is the midrashic explanation for the benedictions. Congregations, the previous oleh then says the concluding benediction: Baruch atah Adonai, melekh! In tractate Megilla has been an option for Conservative synagogues is about to leave on a platform to the! To practice together before the readin Chodesh, and nearly all reform, Reconstructionist, and that the of Only men could be called at the Sea ; Exod limited number of aliyot available, contains. For Simchat Torah, between each verse ways in which this is by
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