, Jan 24, 2022. Metab. Blood was sampled from the abdominal aorta to determine the activities of serum ALT, AST, LDH, TCH, TG, and LDL-C. Livers were weighed and cut into slices, some of which were kept in buffered formalin for histological observation. Curing the sweet potato raw material: putting the whole sweet potato into a steaming drawer, and steaming the sweet potato thoroughly by using water vapor. In the groups receiving pectin treatments, as the pectin concentration increased, the cancer cell migration rates significantly decreased (P , 0.05). 30 (7), 543547. The anthocyanin content of the purple sweet potato powder was 311 mg/ 100 g, which was slightly lower than the anthocyanin content of grape skins (435.8 mg/100 g) reported by Margarita et al. Dev 31 (7), 5053 (in Chinese). differences, with citrus and cocoa dietary fibers having the highest water-holding capacity (7.0 g/g), while wheat bran exhibited the lowest water-holding capacity (1.9 g/g). 218 (6), 563567. Am. This may have been because the ethanol concentration was in the range of 23% to 27%. 101 (1), 212218. Food Eng. Wang, S., Liu, F., 2000. Appl. The enzymatic hydrolysis was precipitated by a 33 volume 202 Sweet Potato Processing Technology of the supernatant overnight and then centrifuged at 6148 3 g for 30 min to obtain the precipitate. Statistically designed optimisation of enzyme catalysed starch removal from potato pulp. After the adsorption equilibrium had been reached, the column was first washed with 100 mL distilled water at a flow rate of 1.0 BV/h and then eluted using a 50 mL 70% (v/v) ethanol solution at different flow rates (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 BV/h). The optical microscopy observations confirmed the above results. Food. 1.5.2.3 Emulsifying Properties of Pectin In addition to soybean soluble polysaccharide, gum arabic, and guar gum, pectin is also a nature polysaccharide which has emulsifying abilities (Leroux et al., 2003; Nakauma et al., 2008). Int. Phenolic compounds, which are a phenylpropanoid class of secondary metabolites generated during aerobic respiration in plants through the shikimic acid pathway, widely exist in higher dicotyledonous plants and ferns. Opin. Food Sci. The adsorption capacity rose as the original TPC increased if the original TPC was less than 2.0 mg CAE/mL. The book provides a detailed and comprehensive account of physicochemical and functional properties of sweet potato products, the nutritional components extracted . Sweet Potato Anthocyanins 331 Levlel of hepatic MDA(mg/g liver) 30 * 25 20 # ## ## 15 10 Control Model Low dose roup Middle dose roup High dose roup Figure 6.23 Effects of PSPAs on the activity level of hepatic MDA. 4.45G), the emulsion particle size was 10.12 m, and when the Ca21 concentration was 8.0 mM (Fig. Xinong 431 (2.35 g/g) . Sweet Potato Anthocyanins 349 Huang, M.C., Chen, C.C., Peng, F.C., et al., 2009. Table 6.13 Degradation Kinetic Parameters of Anthocyanins in 50% Ethanol Temp ( C) K (h21) R2 t1/2 (h) D (h) 4 0.009 0.9503 770 2558.43 25 0.0028 0.9774 247.5 822.35 75 0.0197 0.9872 35.18 116.88 100 0.0333 0.9941 20.81 69.15 Z ( C) 61.22 Ea (kJ/mol) 75.33 H S (kJ/mol/K) (J/mol/K) 69.21 193.57 Sweet Potato Anthocyanins 323 50% ethanol was reduced at 75 C, while the reaction rate constant, half-life, and D value in 50% ethanol were decreased compared with those in 20% ethanol. Food Chem. Guangxi University, Guangxi (in Chinese). The objective was to develop cookies (2002) found that with an increase in the citrus pectin concentration, the emulsion stability gradually increased. World J. Gastroenterol 13 (20), 28262832. Food Chem. The IC50 value of the inhibitory effect of 5-O-CQA on aldose reductase was 4.55 6 0.11 mol/L, which was similar to that of Table 7.7 The Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Activities of Chlorogenic Acids From Sweet Potato Leaves (Kurata et al., 2011) Components IC50 (mol/L) 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid 4.55 6 0.113 3,4-O-caffeoylquinic acid 0.81 6 0.096 3,5-O-caffeoylquinic acid 0.86 6 0.033 4,5-O-caffeoylquinic acid 1.15 6 0.063 3,4,5-O-caffeoylquinic acid 0.25 6 0.011 Quercetin 4.13 6 0.657 Sulfuretin 1.08 6 0.127 390 Sweet Potato Processing Technology quercetin. Zhang, Y., Shi, G.Q., Zhao, F.S., 2010b. Aldose reductase inhibitors of plant origin consist of flavonoids, phenolic acids and their derivatives, terpenes, and alkaloids, which may have been recognized with the role of inhibition of aldose reductase (Asano et al., 2002). Free radicals and the oxidative damage of DNA. Qiu et al. 7.5, the desorption ratio increased as the ethanol concentration rose from 30% (v/v) to 70% (v/v), and the highest desorption ratio of 90.9% was observed when the ethanol concentration was 70% (v/v). The decreased fluidity prevented the emulsion particles from aggregating. Hwang, Y.P., Choi, J.H., Choi, J.M., et al., 2011a. In addition, dietary fibers extracted from oat bran, wheat bran, peas, peas shell, and coconut also exhibited different swelling capacities, with values from 5.3 to 20 mL/g (Raghavendra et al., 2004). Yang, Z.D., Han, Y.B., Gu, Z.X., et al., 2008b. As shown by the desorption curve, the chlorogenic acids absorbed into the resin were desorbed effectively by 70% (v/v) ethanol solution and the desorption ratio increased rapidly during the initial stage (within 1 h). Although natural pigments are more safe and reliable than synthetic pigments, the former has some drawbacks, including susceptibility to outside temperature, pH, metal ions, light, and other factors. Technol. He, J., Giusti, M., 2010. The influence of the interaction between ammonium sulfate concentration and pH value are illustrated in Fig. 21 (7), 2224 (in Chinese). The supernatant was concentrated in a rotary evaporator and treated with 1 mL 0.1% -amylase at 60 C for 1.5 h to remove the starch from the samples. The inhibition rates of unmodified, thermal-modified, and pH-modified pectins on Bcap-37 proliferation were 42.64%, 61.10%, and 60.77%, respectively, when the pectin 212 Sweet Potato Processing Technology Figure 4.10 Effects of pectin concentrations on Bcap-37 breast cancer cells (24 h). 4.1.1 Experimental Model for Investigating Acute ALD and Dealcoholic Effects The drunk prevention experiment. Assays for hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACFL)) of plasma and other biological and food samples. 19 with the light treatment were 97.55% and 94.87%, respectively. 1.3 EXTRACTION, SEPARATION, AND PURIFICATION METHODS OF CHLOROGENIC ACIDS 1.3.1 Extraction Methods of Chlorogenic Acids There are many methods for extracting chlorogenic acids, including water extraction, organic solvent extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted method. Oke and others published A review on sweet potato postharvest processing and preservation technology | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate To sterilize raw sweet potatoes, hot steam and disinfectant can be used. It found that the adsorptive effects of pH-modified pectin were improved (Wei et al., 2011). Additionally, there are few studies on the differences in antioxidant activities between different chlorogenic acids, thus failing to provide sufficient theoretical support for the application of antioxidant activities. Hu, D.L., Liao, J.K., Wu, X.L., et al., 2002. The cellular antioxidant system consists of antioxidases, such as SOD and GST, and some small molecular substances, such as glutathione, uric acid, and coenzymes. After the pH modification of pectin, the uPA contents of HT-29 and Bcap-37 cells were reduced by 21.65% 226 Sweet Potato Processing Technology Figure 4.25 Effects of pH-modified sweet potato pectin on the uPA contents of cancer cells. Michael Browner However, the ADH activity level of the high-dose PSPAs group was still lower than that of the control (P , 0.01) (Fig. In addition, emulsions under different conditions were microscopically observed. Biochem. 2.2.2 Storage of Raw Sweet Potatoes Similar to other agro-products, sweet potatoes can be stored before granule production to prolong their lifecycle and increase the comprehensive use of equipment. 2 (13), 3940 (in Chinese). Sucrose in the pectin solution interacted with pectin molecules through hydrogen bonding. Res. An increase in ALT is a mark of liver cell membrane damage, and an increase in AST is a mark of liver cell mitochondrial damage. Zhang, Y.Y., Mu, T.H., Zhang, M., 2013. Marques, V., Farah, A., 2009. As the pectin concentration increased, the amount of pectin adsorbed on the surface of emulsified particles ( ) increased significantly (P , 0.05), and the increase was positively correlated Figure 4.37 Effects of the pectin concentration and oil-phase volume fraction on pectin adsorption by emulsion particles. Acad. Food Chem. The mixture was allowed to stand overnight at room temperature after adjusting the pH to 3.0 using 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid. 86 (3), F178F181. See Dry weight (DW) Dynamic adsorption and desorption of AB-8 resin effect of flow and elution rates on, 376377, 377f properties under optimum conditions, 377378, 378f anthocyanins desorption curve from resin, 311312 outflow curve and adsorption capacity of resin, 310311, 311f DZ model. Asian Pacific J. The attained pectin has a high solubility and good gel performance. Study on Technology and Equipment of Dietary Fiber from Sweet Potato Residue by Solid Fermentation. The quality of . This indicated that the thermal modification of pectin had significantly increased the inhibitory effects on the uPA content in cancer cells. Thus, appropriate storage methods for raw sweet potatoes must be used to optimize the manufacturing of sweet potato granules. -L-arabinose residues and/or -D-galactose residues that differ in relative proportions and side-chain lengths because of plant sources. MDA is an important product of lipid peroxidation and can reflect the level of liver injury. Values followed by the same letter for the same kind of pectin are not significantly different (P . 0.05). The reaction rate constant increased and the half-life decreased as the temperature increased, and the thermal degradation laws were in line with first-order kinetics, whether the solvent was deionized water, or 10%, 20%, or 50% ethanol, and the fit coefficients at 75 and 100 C were larger than those at 4 and 25 C, indicating anthocyanin degradation under high temperature conditions was better fit to the first-order reaction kinetics than degradation under low temperature. Jishu 82 (5.09 g/g) . (2008) used light microscopy to observe fresh citrus pectin and soybean protein emulsions at pH 6.2 and found that, compared with soybean protein emulsion, the emulsion particles of the citrus pectin were highly uniform with a smaller particle size. Galisteo, M., Snchez, M., Vera, R., Gonzlez, M., Anguera, A., Duarte, J., et al., 2005. Epidemiology of alcohol liver disease. 1.5.1.7 Thermal-Modified Pectin and its Anticancer Activities Jackson et al. 4.26), the viscosity of the pectin solution significantly increased. There were no significant differences in the galacturonic acid contents when the pH values were in the 1.02.0 range (P . Chlorogenic acids could be dissolved and eluted more thoroughly at low elution rates if ethanol is entering the resin micropores. The Ea and H were reduced and S was increased compared with in the other solvents, which may be because the association of anthocyanins is reduced in 50% ethanol. rpm) 4 Sweet potato residue Sweet potato powder Soybean dietary fiber Sweet potato dietary fiber 167 3 2 1 0 0% 0.50% 1.00% 1.50% 2.00% 3.00% Salt concentration Figure 3.18 Effects of salt concentration on the viscosity (cP rpm) of sweet potato dietary fiber. In the United States of America, ALC is one of the top seven higher mortality-rate diseases, accounting for more than 80% of liver cirrhosis (Galligan et al., 2012). The specific steps were as follows: 1. Stability and antioxidant potential of purified olive mill wastewater extracts. Technol. The stable yogurt products can be obtained by using a high ester pectin, but if the pectin addition is limited, then the electrical charge will be neutralized. When the oil-phase volume fraction was less than 10%, the emulsified particles pectin adsorption ratio increased slightly, but the difference was not significant. 20 (7), 933956. When immature, most of the pectins exist in the protopectin form, which is a water-insoluble pectic substance. The solid content of candied fruit is 55%62%. Biosci. See Emulsion stability index (ESI) Esterification(s), 397398 degree of, 190 Esterified starch, sweet potato, 2122, 4243 Ethanol, 192193, 307 concentration on desorption ratio of AB-8 resin, 375, 376f degradation kinetic parameters of anthocyanins in 10% ethanol, 319321, 320t of anthocyanins in 20% ethanol, 321322, 321t of anthocyanins in 50% ethanol, 322323, 322t ethanolammonium sulfate, 288289 solution, 373 Experimental animal study. Food Eng. electrostatic interactions, with the pectin molecules in solution becoming stretched and highly viscous; however, at pH 7.0, there were limited ions in solution, the electrostatic interaction was weak and the viscosity decreased. The viscosity was 3.44 cP rpm at a 3% NaCl concentration. Address: Be the first to receive exclusive offers and the latest news on our products and services directly in your inbox. By adjusting the pH, chlorogenic acids can exist as anions or ionic forms, which can be adsorbed and separated by strong basic anion exchange or strong acid cation resins (fiber) Advantages: great adsorption capacity and simple process The millipore gel sieves substances with different molecular weights, resulting in different diffusion rates, which can separate and purify the substances by molecular weight. 6.21 and 6.22. Food. 6.7D. With an increase in the extraction time (12.5 h), the galacturonic acid content significantly increased (P , 0.05). Therefore, in this section, the effects of pH, heat, and light treatments on the TPC and antioxidant activities of chlorogenic acids from sweet potato leaves are introduced to determine the stability of chlorogenic acids from sweet potato leaves, and provide a theoretical basis for the application of chlorogenic acids from sweet potato leaves in food, medicine, and other fields. J. Pharmacol. Values followed by the same letter on the same curve are not significantly different (P . 56 (16), 74957501. The appropriate sweet potato storage temperature ranges from 13 to 16 C. Because of changes in the color, flavor, and taste during sweet potato storage, the recommended storage temperature is 16 C. Sweet Potato Granules 267 2.2.3 Selection of Materials The first food priority is safety. Potato and Potato Processing Technology Click to enlarge DescriptionAdditional ImagesReviews (0)Related Books The book covers Introduction, Origin, Description of Plant and Flower Parts, Nutritive Value, Growth and Development, Agro-Techniques, Management of Water, Weed Management, Seed Production, Handling of Post Harvest Potato, Prospects for Potato Exports, Quality Parameters that influence . SangUn, C., SunYeou, K., 2000. Chen, X., 2002. To maintain a stable color and good taste, it must be kept at pH 35. Caffeic acid is a small phenolic acid, thus its hydrolyzation does not induce significant changes in the TPCs of sample solutions. At present, the separation and purification processes of individual components are limited, and the differences in activity levels among different components needs further study. Song, M.Y. (2010) studied the liver damage model of dimethyl nitrosamine (DMA), t-butyl hydroperoxide (T-BHP), and amino-ethyl phenol (APAP), and the results showed that PSPAs decreased the liver damage level lowered the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and DMA contents, thereby, reducing the incidence of liver disease. Shanghai University, Shanghai, China. 5.3 THE APPLICATIONS OF SWEET POTATO DIETARY FIBER IN MEAT PRODUCTS Adding dietary fiber to meat products can retain the moisture and reduce the calories. For HT-29, the complete digestion time of the group treated with PMA (without pectin) was 12.4 min, while the time of the pectin-treated group (1 mg/mL) was Figure 4.14 The effects of unmodified pectin on the adhesive capabilities of Bcap-37and HT-29 cancer cells. 68 (1), 17. de Escalada Pla, M.F., Ponce, N.M., Stortz, C.A., Gerschenson, L.N., Rojas, A.M., 2007. Food Eng. 4.37). Equilibrium studies of sorption of lead (II) ions by different pectin compounds. Our result was similar to the effect of genistein on ALD (Huang et al., 2013). Methods for determining the esterification are titration, colorimetry, gas chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biotechnol. 2.1.6 Comparing ATPS to the Other Methods The extraction yield of ATPS was similar to those of traditional methods (Table 6.8), but the color value was significantly higher than in the other methods, the sugar content was significantly reduced by B30% 40%, and the level of protein was reduced B40%70% compared with the other extraction methods. 6, 433452. Bull. Jishu 98 (9.34 mL/g) . (2009) reported that an ethanol concentration of 60% was sufficient for extracting high quantities of anthocyanins from grape seeds. The mixture was allowed to stand overnight at 4 C. The supernatant was obtained and freeze dried to produce thermal-modified pectin. He, J., Alister-Briggs, M., Lyster, T., et al., 2012. 56 (23), 1148511492. Liu, D.Y., Huang, D., Li, Q.L., 2005. In the anthocyanin low-dose group, the pathological changes of the mice liver cells were similar to those in the model group, including a disordered arrangement of cells and cellular edema, but the degrees were reduced. 92 (4), 733740. 52, 15. 74 (1), 123126. When the oil-phase volume fraction was 5%, the EAI was relatively small, only 8.59%, while as the oilphase volume fraction increased to 40%, the EAI increased rapidly to 51.42%. Therefore, the 70% (v/v) ethanol solution was selected as the optimum ethanol concentration. The TPC of sweet potato leaf polyphenols from Jishu No. 2.2.2 Dynamic Adsorption and Desorption 2.2.2.1 The Outflow Curve of Anthocyanins and Adsorption Capacity of the Resin The conditions could be regarded as reaching absorption saturation when the absorbance values of the added and effluent solutions were similar. The effects are similar to that of Vc (Park et al., 2010). Fig. The effects of PSPAs on activity of serum LDH in subacute ALD mice is shown in Fig. The inhibitory effect was enhanced when the treatment time was less than 24 h, and the inhibition rate decreased significantly because of shortening treatment time (P,0.05). At present, the antibacterial and antiinflammatory properties of chlorogenic acids have been well researched and developed in the pharmaceutical industry, while biological activities, such as tumor inhibition, lowering blood pressure and blood glucose lowering, and cardiovascular protection, have not been thoroughly developed or applied in the pharmaceutical industry. 4.3 EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON CHLOROGENIC ACIDS FROM SWEET POTATO LEAVES The effects of light on the stability of chlorogenic acids from sweet potato leaves were determined according to the method reported by Wang et al. Sweet Potato Pectin 253 Figure 4.45 (Continued). 10. Technol. Reyes, L., Fernando, Z.L., 2007. Jiang, Y., Kusama, K., Satoh, K., et al., 2000. The vacuum concentration method is a traditional method that can remove volatile materials and moisture but cannot remove the protein and ash. Adsorption isotherm, thermodynamics and kinetics studies of polyphenols separation from kiwifruit juice using adsorbent resin. 24 (3), 215. Determination of the galacturonic acid content Sweet Potato Pectin 203 Samples of 0.1 g freeze-dried pectin were dissolved in distilled water to a final solution volume of 250 mL. Chemistry and uses of pectin- a review. HPLC is divided into analysis and preparation types. However, when the samples were heated for 2 h at 100 C, the preservation rate fell to B60%. Yang, Y.L., Kan, J.Q., Shen, H.L., et al., 2012. 119 (1), 123132. Preferably, in the fermentation step, the inoculated potato pulp is fermented for 6 hours at the temperature of 43 , and then fermented for 20 hours at the temperature of 3-5 . Dev. 227, 409415. According to the different plant sources, HG may also be partially O-acetylated at C-3 or C-2. As the pH increased, the ESI first decreased, Sweet Potato Pectin 251 then increased, and then decreased again. Some studies have found that chlorogenic acids can be extracted from agricultural by-products, food processing waste residues and waste liquids. 1.2.1.6 Other Extraction Methods To improve the yield of anthocyanins, mechanical crushing, heating, refrigeration, enzymes (such as pectinase, cellulase, and protease), pulsed-electric field, and pressing-assisted extraction have been used to shorten the extraction time and improve pigment yields. Mod. 244 (22), 60496055. Cells were disrupted by ultrasound treatments and were dissolved on ice for 2 h. The samples were then centrifuged in 12,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 C to obtain the supernatant. Serum transaminases, such as ALT and AST, are essential catalysts in human metabolic processes. Academic Press, New York, pp. AOAC International, Gaithersburg. Agric. Jishu 99 (2.38 g/g) . Figure 6.2 Chemical transformations of anthocyanins. Then 50-mL sample solutions (TPC, 2.0 mg CAE/ mL, pH 3.0) were allowed to flow through the glass column at different flow rates (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 BV/h). Tubers should only be handled when the temperature is above 55 F (12.7 C) to avoid bruises and black spots. The TPC was expressed as mg chlorogenic acid equivalent per mL of sample solution (mg CAE/mL). J. Enol. Appl. Note: labeled with a different letter in the same concentration are significantly different (P , 0.05). 362 Sweet Potato Processing Technology 1.2.1 Antioxidant Activity The phenolic hydroxyl of chlorogenic acids easily reacts with free radicals, making the free radicals lose activity. When the sample concentration was low, the adsorption capacity increased as the TPC rose because the number of active sites related to the chlorogenic acids increased. Mol. J. Agric. Thus, the model explained the response adequately. Six diacylated anthocyanins from the storage roots of purple sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas. When the pectin concentration was less than 0.5 mg/mL, the migration rate was still faster than that of the control group (P , 0.05). (Lan.)) Asano, T., Saito, Y., Kawakami, M., et al., 2002. The content of 3,4,5-O-CQA was 2.64% 6 0.03% DW in Yuzi No.7, which was lower than in the di-caffeoylquinic acids, but higher than 3-, 4-, and 5-O-CQA, whereas the 3-O-CQA content (0.87% 6 0.00% DW) was the lowest among the caffeoylquinic acids. REFERENCES Afek, U., Orenstein, J., 2003. 6.28. 6.6 and 6.7, respectively. Different amounts of sweet potato dietary fiber and sweet potato residue were added in bread by Guo (2010), and the sensory, textural, and physicochemical properties were determined to evaluate the effects of the addition of different amounts of sweet potato dietary fiber on the quality of bread, thus providing a theoretical basis for the applications of sweet potato dietary fiber in flour products. Thus, heat treatments at lower temperatures had limited effects on the TPCs and antioxidant activities of chlorogenic acids from sweet potato leaves, and heat treatments at high temperatures had greater effects on the antioxidant activities. Taurine ameliorates alcoholic steatohepatitis via enhancing self-antioxidant capacity and alcohol metabolism. Plant Foods Hum. See Isoelectric point precipitation method K K1, absorption of, 160161 Kunitz-I type trypsin inhibitors, 8586 Kunitz-type inhibitors, 8384 L Laboratory sweet potato starch made by centrifugation (LCFS), 2425, 25t, 26t Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, 2829 particle size distributions, 26 pasting properties, 3334 polarizing microscopy, 2728 starch color effects, 31 sweet potato starch production, 2627, 27f swelling power and solubility, 3233 thermal properties, 3031 Laboratory sweet potato starch made by sour liquid processing (LSLPS), 2425, 25t, 26t Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, 2829 particle size distributions, 26 pasting properties, 3334 polarizing microscopy, 2728 starch color effects, 31 sweet potato starch production, 2627, 27f swelling power and solubility, 3233 thermal properties, 3031 XRD, 2930 Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 325326 sweet potato anthocyanins, 327329, 328f, 337338, 338f Lactobacillus, 128129 L. bulgaricus, 344 Lactococcus lactis, 1417 LCFS. 58 (12), 73057310. 0.1 mol/L NaOH and 0.1 mol/L HCl. de Delahaye, E.P., Jimnez, P., Prez, E., 2005. As the Ca21 concentration increased, the adsorbed pectin ratio in the emulsion showed the same trend as the value. Int. The concentrations of NaCl and Ca21 greatly influenced the viscosity of the emulsion (Fig. Pulsed electric-assisted extraction is a method that applies a potential voltage pulse to breakdown the cell membrane, thereby, increasing the membrane permeability and promoting intracellular substance elution. The physical parameters of AB-8 macroreticular adsorbent resin are shown in Table 7.4.
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