Sometimes referred to as the Princeps mathematicorum (Latin for '"the foremost of mathematicians"') and Trigonometry Tutorial 5 Probability Exam Questions: Conditional Probability & Tree Diagrams Social constructionism is a theory of knowledge which describes the relationship between the objectivity of reality and the capacity of human senses and cognition. The dimethyl-labeled peptides on the Sep-Pak cartridge were eluted with an 80% acetonitrile and 0.1% TFA solution. Questions June 2012 Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Basal represents the sleep duration from ZT0 to ZT2 averaged over 3 days before the day of the cage change. Solutions June 2010 Radian, Area of Sector & Segment The Hanseatic League was a commercial and defensive alliance of the merchant guilds of towns and cities in northern and central Europe. Mar 2022 Mechanics 4 9709/42, Oct 2021 Mechanics 4 9709/41 May 2022 Pure Maths 1 9709/12 Partial Fractions Exam Questions I On the other hand, the sleep phenotypes of T287D:T177A and T287D:T516A mice were similar to those of T287D:T177D, T287D:T516D, and WT mice. The summation notation is a way to quickly write the sum of a series of functions. Most mathematical activity involves the discovery of Some materials here are also relevant Mark Schemes June 2010 Camk2b knockout mice might have a decreased delta power, although we could not conclude on this because the changes in delta power depend on the normalization procedure of the EEG power spectrum (S8ES8H Fig). To test whether the sleep maintenance function of the T287D:T306D:T307D mutant depends on its enzyme activity, we examined the sleep phenotype of mice expressing its kinase-dead version (K43R:T287D:T306D:T307D) and found that these mice did not exhibit a sleep-stabilizing phenotype (Fig 5H). This allowed us to compare the relative amount of peptides in the individual samples with each other using the equally added medium-labeled internal control mixture as a standard. (Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development: https://www.amed.go.jp/en/index.html), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) JP18H05270 (JSPS KAKENHI) (to H.R.U.) Proving Trig Identities III The T287D:T306D:T307D and T287D:T306A:T307A mice both exhibited extended sleep duration compared to the WT (Fig 5C and S10D Fig). Solving Cubics using Polynomial Long Division Mark Schemes June 2013 Biology is the scientific study of life. Graph Transformation Exam Questions, Functions: Domain, Range, Mappings phase-transfer surfactant; SRM, For EEG/EMG recording, AAV-administrated 6-week-old C57BL/6N mice were used for surgery. (H) Sleep/wake parameters, averaged over 6 days, of mice expressing the CaMKII T287D:T306D:T307D mutant with the K43R or T287A mutation. pAAV, pUCmini-iCAP-PHPeB, and pHelper plasmid (Agilent, USA) were transfected into cells at 80% to 90% confluency using polyethyleneimine (Polysciences, USA). A gene in a somatic cell of an individual may forgo replication to promote the transmission of its copies in the germ line cells. Note that the FLAG-tag involved in the original pMU2 vector was removed in the construct used in this study. Resources, Surds Tutorial IV, Logarithms Tutorial The balance between PWS and PSW determines the total sleep time, i.e., mice with longer sleep time tend to have increased PWS and/or decreased PSW. Biology is the scientific study of life. Photosynthesis. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method to record an electrogram of the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain.The biosignals detected by EEG have been shown to represent the postsynaptic potentials of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex and allocortex. If you're ready to pass your A-Level Biology exams, become a member now to get complete access to our entire library of revision materials. Multiple comparison tests were performed between all individual groups. Williams. Among the 7 double mutants with increased sleep maintenance activity, T287D:T306D, T287D:T307D, and T287D:S534D robustly exhibited prolonged sleep duration, unchanged PWS, and reduced PSW compared with WT-expressing mice in the independent experiment (S10B and S10C Fig). The EEG/EMG signals were amplified (Biotex, Japan), filtered (EEG, 0.5 to 60 Hz; EMG, 5 to 128 Hz), digitized at a sampling rate of 128 Hz, and recorded using VitalRecorder software (KISSEI Comtec, Japan). Straight Line Graphs, Parallel & Perpendicular Lines No, Is the Subject Area "293T cells" applicable to this article? The increased NREM and REM sleep duration as well as increased PWS were observed in both light and dark phases (S4A Fig). Using the Chain Rule: Exponential, Log & Trig Functions C57BL/6N mice (CLEA Japan, Japan) were housed in a lightdark controlling rack (Nippon Medical & Chemical instruments, Japan) and habituated to a 12-h LD cycle for at least 1 week. BYJUS online summation calculator tool makes calculations faster and easier. Proof by Induction II Recurrence Relations, Matrices Multiple comparison tests were performed between all individual groups. Mark Scheme January 2011 May 2021 Prob & Stats 1 9709/53 Trigonometry (from Ancient Greek (trgnon) 'triangle', and (mtron) 'measure') is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships between side lengths and angles of triangles.The field emerged in the Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomical studies. Sleep staging was performed every 8-s epoch. Biology is the scientific study of life. The procedure to use the infinite series calculator is as follows: Step 1: Enter the function in the first input field and apply the summation limits from and to in the respective fields, Step 2: Now click the button Submit to get the output, Step 3: The summation value will be displayed in the new window. Trigonometric Ratios (Review) Solving Sin = value However, the underlying mechanism by which CaMKII supports sleep regulation is largely unknown. A pioneering dataset on daily cycling of synaptic phosphoproteins includes several residues spanning from 338 to 381 amino acids in CaMKII [5]. Further investigation of AIP2-expressed mice phenotypes, for example, observation in constant light or dark conditions, will be required for clarifying this point. The Summation Calculator is a free online tool that displays the sum of the given series. Yes Simplifying Algebraic Fractions III Edexcel May/June 2021 IAL Pure Maths WMA11/01 So far, we suggested CaMKII phosphorylation at T287 residue exhibit sleep induction activity. Mechanics Exam Questions Position & Velocity Vectors Such genes would be especially selfish, benefiting themselves regardless of the fates of their vehicles. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001813.g005. Factoring & Solving Quadratic Equations, Completing the Square Solving Quadratics with Fractions, Simultaneous Equations (Linear & Non-Linear) Mark Scheme January 2013 The extended sleep duration of T287D mice does not depend on the circadian timing because the mice showed increased sleep duration at most zeitgeber time of the day (Fig 1F). - Google Chrome: https://www.google.com/chrome, - Firefox: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new. Oct 2021 Prob & Stats 1 9709/52 Implicit Differentiation Exam Questions Product Rule Examples In this article, I will go over the topics covered in IB Biology Standard Level and IB Biology Higher Level, Nerve impulses are initiated or inhibited in post-synaptic neurons as a result of summation of all excitatory and inhibitory [] Differences in genes give rise to differences in these phenotypic effects. We used CaMKII deletion (del) mutant that lacks the C-terminal half involving the regulatory segment, linker region, and oligomerization domain [30]. Mark Scheme June 2008 [36] Eldredge notes that in Dawkins' book A Devil's Chaplain, which was published just before Eldredge's book, "Richard Dawkins comments on what he sees as the main difference between his position and that of the late Stephen Jay Gould. We prepared an internal control by mixing 500 L of each peptide solution. Chain Rule Examples No, Is the Subject Area "Phosphorylation" applicable to this article? Green-beard effects gained their name from a thought-experiment first presented by Bill Hamilton[25] and then popularized and given its current name by Richard Dawkins who considered the possibility of a gene that caused its possessors to develop a green beard and to be nice to other green-bearded individuals. His orders also lowered the number of days an adult inmate could be subject to solitary confinement from 365 days to 60 days. It is well studied the sequential autophosphorylation from T287 to T306/T307 [1921]. Conservation of Momentum Complex Numbers 6 Argand Diagram modulus Argand Diagram parallelogram law Finding Modulus & Argument Basics T287 phosphorylation switches CaMKII/CaMKII to its kinase-active form even in the absence of Ca2+/CaM [1214]. Cosine Rule Mass spectrometrybased quantification of CaMKII/-derived peptides was carried out by SRM analysis using a TSQ Quantiva triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Resolving Forces Splitting a Force into Components Equation of a Line I Area of Circle (Review) Its definitely not miraculous.2 Its experimental and often fails. These phosphoproteomics analyses support the possible role of phosphorylation at S26 or T311 in the regulation of CaMKII/CaMKII in mice brains in vivo. Solutions January 2015 C34 In Indian philosophy, Maharishi Kanada was the first to systematically develop a theory of atomism around 200 BCE though some authors have allotted him an earlier era in the 6th century BCE. nonrapid eye movement; PTS, Wired and wireless recording method are used in parallel for EEG/EMG measurements, and we have confirmed that these 2 methods give qualitatively comparable results. The expected loss of kinase activity is also supported by our cell lysatebased assay (S12C Fig). Defining integrals with Riemann sums. Questions June 2007 PBS: PBS-injected mice (n = 6). This phenomenon is called intragenomic conflict and arises when one gene promotes its own replication in detriment to other genes in the genome. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. This difference might account for the postnatal and kinase activity-targeted inhibition of CaMKII/CaMKII by AIP2 expression. Edexcel Jan 2020 IAL Pure Maths WMA12/01, Edexcel Jan 2022 IAL Pure Maths WMA13/01 The relative expression levels of CaMKII in each cell lysate were estimated by dot blot. (D) Sleep parameters during light or dark period of mice expressing CaMKII T287-related mutants shown in Fig 1F. Sequences: Recurrence Relations Koji L. Ode, Methodology, May 2021 Physics 1 9702/13 Mutants marked in blue were selected for further analysis as sleep-canceling residues, related to Fig 6A. Solving Logarithmic Equations CaMKII, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; SRM, selected reaction monitoring. The plus sign in a mutants name indicates a combination with T287D. Trigger point therapy isnt too good to be true its probably just ordinary good. NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology; NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Maths; NIOS A Level Syllabus. Probability Density Functions May 2020 Pure Maths 3 9709/32 The sleep deprivation was conducted by gentle handling and cage changing [28] at every 2 h. The other mice were housed under ad lib sleep conditions. When we could not confirm KO genotype by the qPCR, we performed another qPCR using the alternative primer pairs, which was independent of the initial qPCR. Note that there were differences in the waveforms of the EEG represented by the increased power of slow-wave oscillations (0.5 Hz to 1 Hz) in all 3 states of vigilance (S7D Fig), although no difference was observed in the local field potential recordings of awaking mice cortex with the adult deletion of both Camk2a and Camk2b [33]. In 1935, the chemical structure of vitamin D 3 was defined and shown to result from the The role of such phosphatases in CaMKII-dependent sleep control needs to be investigated. Differential Equations III These genes can persist in a population even when their transmission results in reduced fertility. T287 are the first residues to undergo autophosphorylation upon activation of CaMKII. To monitor EEG signals, 2 stainless steel EEG recording screws with 1.0 mm in diameter and 2.0 mm in length were implanted on the skull of the cortex (anterior, +1.0 mm; right, +1.5 mm from bregma or lambda). May 2021 Physics 1 9702/12 Solving Tan = value Students sitting exams from January 2014 will be The phosphorylation hypothesis of sleep [2,6] assumes that the neural activity associated with wakefulness acts as an input to activate sleep-promoting kinases such as CaMKII/CaMKII [2], SIK1/SIK2/SIK3 [7,8], and ERK1/ERK2 [9]. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001813, https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/index.html, https://www.jst.go.jp/stpp/q-leap/en/index.html, Forward: 5-CCACAGGGGTGATCCTGTATATCCTGC-3, Reverse: 5-CTGCTGGTACAGCTTGTGTTGGTCCTC-3, Forward: 5- GGAAAATCTGTGACCCAGGCCTGAC-3, Reverse: 5- TCTGTGGAAATCCATCCCTTCGACC-3, Forward: 5- GAACCCGCACGTGCACGTCATTGGC-3, Forward: 5- CAGAAAGGTGGGTAGCCCACCAGCAGG-3, Reverse: 5- CTATGCTGCTCACCTCCCCATCCACAG-3, Forward: 5- GCCTGAAGCTCTGGGCAACCTGGTCG-3, Reverse: 5- CCACCCCAGCCTTTTCACTCACGGTTCTC-3, Reverse: 5- CGGTGCCACACACGGGTCTCTTCGGAC-3, 5-CACTATAGGCAGTGGCCCCGCTGCAGTGGTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGC -3, 5- GGGCCTAATACGACTCACTATAGGCAGTGGCCCCGCTGCAGTGG -3, 5- aagagacccgtgtgtggcaccgccgcgacggcaagtggcagaatgtacatttccactgctcgggcgct, ccagtggccccgctgcagGACTACAAGGACGACGATGACAAGtgaggtgagtccctgcggt, gtgcgtagggcagtgcggcatgcgtgggacagtgcagcgtgcatggggtgtggcccagtgcagcgtgc -3, Reverse: 5- CTACATCCGCCTCACACAGTACATC -3, Reverse: 5- GACTACAAGGACGACGATGACAAG -3, Forward: 5- CTTGTCATCGTCGTCCTTGTAGTC -3. May 2021 Pure Maths 1 9709/12 Sometimes referred to as the Princeps mathematicorum (Latin for '"the foremost of mathematicians"') and The third personal leadership is an "inner" level and concerns a person's growth toward greater leadership presence, knowhow and skill. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001813.g004. Questions on Triangles II, Midpoint & Distance Formula The aggregate current is always the summation of all the individual currents. AIP2, autocamtide inhibitory peptide 2; CaMKII, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; del, deletion; hSyn1, human synapsin-1; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001813.s006. (B) Calculated transduction efficiency plotted against sleep duration. These results demonstrate that the sleep-inducing effect of the T287D mutant is independent of behavioral circadian rhythmicity and canonical core clock genes such as Cry1/Cry2 or Per1/Per2. Solutions June 2009 May 2021 Prob & Stats 2 9709/61 Thus, the mechanism of sleep maintenance by T287D:T306D:T307D may not be attributed to the loss of CaMKIICaM interaction itself. Assume the sequence n = 0 + 1 + 2 +3 + .. which is undefined. Immunoblotting against FLAG-tagged protein indicates that AAV-mediated expression of CaMKII is lower than the expression level of endogenous CaMKII. The data of the first 3 days were used for baseline calculation. Binomial Expansion Beginners Tutorial III To confirm the involvement of excitatory neurons in the CaMKII-dependent sleep promotion, we then used another strategy by using AAVs carrying double-floxed inverted open reading frame (DIO) constructs and mouse lines expressing Cre recombinases in specific neurons (Cre-mice) (Fig 3G). This allowed us to compare the relative amount of phosphorylated peptides in the individual time course samples with each other using the heavy labeled spike peptides. Solutions June 2011 The qPCR protocol was 60 s at 95 C for preheating (initial denaturation) and 45 cycles from 10 s at 95 C to 30 s at 60 C using TB Green Premix Ex Taq GC (Takara Bio, Japan). This supports that the phosphorylation-mimicking property of D caused the sleep duration extension. Geometric Series I The product ion spectrum on the right shows that each product ion from the 5 different transitions in the 3 samples has a similar intensity distribution. The reduced sleep duration previously observed in Camk2b knockout mice revealed a role for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) as a sleep-promoting kinase. Mark Scheme January 2011 To investigate whether CaMKII regulates sleep depending on the phosphorylation state of CaMKII, we conducted an in vivo comprehensive phosphomimetic screening of CaMKII. Differentiation Exam Questions IV CaMKII itself undergoes multiple and stepwise changes (multisite autophosphorylation and conformational changes) [10,18]. Integration Help III No, but I would to save two brothers or eight cousins. 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Volume-rendered and single-plane images of the brain expressing H2B-mCherry under hSyn1 promoter by the AAV (mCherry, green) counterstained with RD2 (red). Multiple comparison tests were performed between all individual groups. double knockout; DMEM, For example, western blotting analyses showed that the level of CaMKII T286/CaMKII T287 phosphorylation is elevated after 6 h of sleep deprivation and then decreased during subsequent recovery sleep [4]. Friction, Limiting Equilibrium, Coefficient of Friction CaMKII, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; EEG, electroencephalogram; NREM, nonrapid eye movement; SSS, snappy sleep stager; WT, wild-type. Sketching Exponential Graphs In summary, the biochemical analysis suggests that S26, S182, T306, T307, T307, and T311 can be the target of autophosphorylation at least in our in vitro experimental condition. Mark Scheme January 2010 Questions January 2010 Mar 2020 Mechanics 4 9709/42, Oct 2021 Prob & Stats 1 9709/51 Intracellular Ca2+ binds to calmodulin (CaM), which binds to CaMKII and switches its kinase domain to the exposed open and kinase-active form. Another common interpretation is that the integral of a rate function describes the accumulation of the quantity whose rate is given. We can approximate integrals using Riemann sums, and we define definite integrals using limits of Riemann sums. AAV pro 293T (Takara Bio, Japan) was cultured in 150 mm dishes (Corning, USA) in a culture medium containing DMEM (high glucose) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), 10% (v/v) FBS, and penicillin-streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) at 37 C in 5% CO2 under humidified conditions. GCSE/IGCSE Maths, Pure Maths Paper 1 October 2020, 8MA0/01 Cage exchange significantly decreased the sleep duration of T287D, WT, and PBS-administrated mice compared with the baseline duration (S4E and S4F Fig), suggesting that the sleep-extending effect of the T287D mutant is not due to abnormalities in the arousal system. Indeed, T306 and T307 are well-established autophosphorylation target [1921]. Edexcel Oct 2020 IAL Pure Maths WMA11/01 A well-known mechanism of CaMKII activation is the intracellular Ca2+ influx that occurs upon excitatory synaptic input and subsequent neuronal firing [10,11]. To survey the role of multisite phosphorylation in the sleep control, we created a series of double-phosphomimetic mutants of CaMKII, in which besides T287, we mutated one of the remaining 68 S or T residues to D. Most of the analyzed these double-phosphomimetic mutants showed extended sleep duration similar to the T287D single mutant (Fig 5A and S10A Fig). Since then, green-beard genes have been discovered in nature, such as Gp-9 in fire ants (Solenopsis invicta),[26][27] csA in social amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum),[28] and FLO1 in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Methodology, Methodology, Affiliations May 2020 Pure Maths 2 9709/23 Inverse & Self-Inverse Functions Exam Questions, Rules of Indices (Review) The mutants (including +T306, +T307 marked in red) in the dotted magenta box had extended sleep duration with lower PWS and PSW (i.e., higher sleep maintenance activity). A vector containing Camk2a promoter sequence was a kind gift from Drs. Try the free Mathway calculator and As observed in the SIK3 phosphorylation site S551 [48], D and A mutations sometimes yield similar results (e.g., increased sleep), making it difficult to conclude that the D mutation mimics phosphorylation. Infinite Series Definition Surds Tutorial II Resources, Current address: International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Affiliation [clarification needed], The view of the gene as the unit of selection was developed mainly in the works of Richard Dawkins,[10][11] W. D. Hamilton,[12][13][14] Colin Pittendrigh[15] and George C. Edexcel Jan 2020 IAL Pure Maths WMA13/01 Mechanics 1, 2 and 3 UA is the 99% level of the delta power percentage distribution in the NREM epochs, which is estimated by fitting a gaussian distribution to the histogram of the NREM delta power percentage. Given that the phosphorylation of T287 inhibits the interaction between the kinase domain and the regulatory segment of CaMKII (which leads to the open and kinase-active conformation of the kinase), the normal sleep duration of K43R:T287D mice suggests that CaMKII with open conformation alone is insufficient to lengthen sleep duration. The qPCR was performed with 2 independent primer pairs #1 and #2 for the 3 target sites. Multiple comparison tests were performed between all individual groups in each phase. Mark Schemes January 2008 Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (/ a s /; German: Gau [kal fid as] (); Latin: Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 1777 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and science. One necessary condition is that the selected entity must have a high degree of permanence and a low rate of endogenous change, relative to the degree of bias (differences in selection coefficients). The amount of each phosphorylated peptide was normalized to the amount of total GST-CaMKII quantified using the average amounts of several nonphosphorylated peptides. Simultaneous Equations - Linear & Non-Linear I Mark Scheme January 2010 In the PWS-PSW diagram, residues marked in red indicate mutants with low lower PWS and PSW (i.e., higher sleep maintenance activity). As for the S114D, this mutant showed a reduced expression level in 293T (S12B Fig). (E, F) Normalized EEG power spectra (E) and NREM power density in typical frequency domains (F) of Camk2b KO mice and WT C57BL/6N mice. For the Cry1/2 DKO and Per1/2 DKO mutant mice, recordings were performed under LD conditions for 2 weeks followed by DD conditions for 2 weeks. Since then, "green-beard effect" has come to refer to forms of genetic self-recognition in which a gene in one individual might direct benefits to other individuals that possess the gene. problem and check your answer with the step-by-step explanations. Geometric Sequences & Series Tutorial II When the 0.5% criteria were met in either set, the mouse was considered a KO mouse. This result suggests the reduced protein stability at least in the 293T cells, which might lead to the sleep phenotype variation for this mutant. An analytical sample was loaded into the LC-MS system to be separated by a gradient using mobile phases A (0.1% formic acid) and B (0.1% formic acid and 100% acetonitrile) at a flow rate 300 nL/min (4% to 32% B in 190 min, 32% to 95% B in 1 min, 95% B for 2 min, 95% to 4% B in 1 min, and 2% B for 6 min) with a homemade capillary column (200 mm length, 100 m inner diameter) packed with 2 m C18 resin (L-column2, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan). A CaMKII mutant mimicking the constitutive-active (auto)phosphorylation state promotes the transition from awake state to sleep state, while mutants mimicking subsequent multisite (auto)phosphorylation states suppress the transition from sleep state to awake state. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (/ a s /; German: Gau [kal fid as] (); Latin: Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 1777 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and science. Moths fly into candle flames, and this does nothing to help their inclusive fitness [] We asked Why do moths fly into candle flames? and were puzzled. Inclined Planes Finding Coefficient of Friction & Missing Angles Additional phosphorylation at T306 and T307 converts the sleep induction activity to the sleep maintenance activity. Investigation, Mechanics Exam Questions Velocity Vectors We employed a pAAV:pUCmini-iCAP-PHPeB:pHelper plasmid ratio of 1:4:2 based on micrograms of DNA (e.g., 5.7 g of pAAV, 22.8 g of pUCmini-iCAP-PHP, and 11.4 g of pHelper). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This difference enables the scrutiny of natural selection. Investigation, Questions January 2009 The remainder of the light-labeled samples were mixed with the mixture of heavy labeled spike phosphorylated peptides and applied to High-Select Fe-NTA Phosphopeptide Enrichment Kit (Thermo fisher Scientific, USA) to enrich the phosphorylated peptides. Isolated brains were fixed overnight in 4% PFA and then washed with PBS. Area of Circles, Sectors & Triangles Binomial Distribution: Find Critical Values : no significance. Aliquam sollicitudin venenati, Cho php file: *.doc; *.docx; *.jpg; *.png; *.jpeg; *.gif; *.xlsx; *.xls; *.csv; *.txt; *.pdf; *.ppt; *.pptx ( < 25MB), https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new. Simultaneous Equations - Logarithms Trig. Visualization, Affiliations Mark Schemes January 2012 Mar 2020 Pure Maths 2 9709/22, Oct 2021 Pure Maths 3 9709/31 Solving Logarithmic Inequalities The formulation of the central dogma of molecular biology was summarized by Maynard Smith: If the central dogma is true, and if it is also true that nucleic acids are the only means whereby information is transmitted between generations, this has crucial implications for evolution. The underlying data can be found in S1 Data. Cre-mediated recombination of AAV genomes results in Camk2b gene expression in the target cells. Edexcel Oct 2020 IAL Pure Maths WMA13/01 CaMKII, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; EEG, electroencephalogram; EMG, electromyogram; NREM, nonrapid eye movement; WT, wild-type. May 2021 Mechanics 4 9709/43 Mar 2021 Prob & Stats 2 9709/62, Oct 2020 Prob & Stats 2 9709/61 This result again suggests that glutamatergic excitatory neurons are involved in the sleep promotion by the CaMKII T287D mutant. CaMKII, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; EEG, electroencephalogram; EMG, electromyogram; NREM, nonrapid eye movement; REM, rapid eye movement; WT, wild-type; ZT, zeitgeber time.
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