. The suprahepatic tissue is diseased. The tissue (located) above the liver is diseased. A consideration that may help here is that you have been using English adjectival phrases all along, every time you have begun a translation with the phrase pertaining to. All you are doing now is learning a different adjectival phrase strategy for use with a particular set of words (ones which, though adjectives, begin with a prepositional prefix). . uterine ________________________________________________________________________ 42b. Appendix 1: Historical Linguistics 263 INDO-EUROPEAN GERMANIC/ LATIN/GREEK ENGLISH P = F; F = B; B = P P=F PYRE PISCES FIRE FISH F=B FRATERnal FRAGment BROTHER BREAK B=P LABial CANNABis LIP HEMP T = TH TENse TRIcycle THIN THREE TH = D THYR (Gk door) THYGATER (Gk daughter) DOOR D=T DENTal DUplex TOOTH TWO /K/* = H CORDial HEART CANNABis HEMP H = /G/ HOST HORTiculture GUEST GARDen /G/* = /K/ AGRiculture ACRe GRAIN CORN T = TH; TH = D; D = T DAUGHTER /K/ = H; H = /G/; /G/ = /K/ * /K/ [=k, qu, hard c], /G/ [= hard g] Appendix 2 ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES 266 Appendix 2: Etymological Notes to Ch. circumoral______________________________________________________________________ 9a. thioiodotherapy_________________________________________________________________ 65b. the bladder and of something from the ovaries the cervix (of the uterus) 36b. the arms or p.t. osse/in a substance of the bones 6b. . . Thus glute-o and gon-o (2.32 and 33) are found more frequently than glut-o and gony-o. When the combining form given in the second column is a termination, it is preceded by its combining vowel and the letter x, standing for (unless otherwise indicated) any organ or part (for example, x-o-gram, mentioned above). hysterostomatocleisis____________________________________________________________ 136 Chapter 10: Uro-Genital Systems 40b. or formed by the pulpal and distal walls of a tooth cavity 7.7 1. arteri/a thorac/o/acr/om/i/al/is an artery p.t. . For appendix (28 above), see the Note on coccyx in Chapter 3. vesical hematuria_______________________________________________________________ 16c. the enamel [Latin] 30c. the mastoid process and the atlas 4b. the suturing of the epidermis, involving the chin d. p.t. cyst/o/lith/ias/is the abnormal presence of a calculus in the bladder 15e. oxy/pur/in/e p.t. calcipyelitis_____________________________________________________________________ 60a. of an opening in the thyroid gland is thyroidostomy or thyrostomy. . 1. x-itic (14) ________________________________________________________________________ 2. x-itogen (14, 74)__________________________________________________________________ 3. x-orrhectic (15)___________________________________________________________________ 4. x-o-schistic (16)__________________________________________________________________ 5. x-iastic (17)______________________________________________________________________ 6. x-otic (19)________________________________________________________________________ 7. x-o-pathologic (20 & 61)___________________________________________________________ 8. x-o-pathologist (12 & 20 & 61)______________________________________________________ 9. x-o-megalic (21)__________________________________________________________________ 10. x-o-phagist (12 & 22)_____________________________________________________________ 11. x-o-genetics (23 & 60)____________________________________________________________ 12. x-o-poietic (24)__________________________________________________________________ 13. x-o-poietin (13 & 24)_____________________________________________________________ Exercises for Chapter 1 5 14. x-o-kinetic (25)__________________________________________________________________ 15. x-o-kinin (13 & 25)_______________________________________________________________ 16. x-o-kinetics (25 & 60)_____________________________________________________________ 17. x-o-kinetometry (25 & 63)_________________________________________________________ 18. x-algic (26)______________________________________________________________________ 19. x-odynogenesis (23 & 27)_________________________________________________________ 20. x-o-plegic (28)___________________________________________________________________ 21. x-o-penic (29)___________________________________________________________________ 22. x-orrhagic (30)__________________________________________________________________ 23. x-o-malacic (31)_________________________________________________________________ 24. x-o-necrotic (32)_________________________________________________________________ 25. x-o-stenotic (33)_________________________________________________________________ 26. x-o-sclerotic (34)_________________________________________________________________ 27. x-optotic (35)____________________________________________________________________ 28. x-agral (36)______________________________________________________________________ 6 Chapter 1: Terminations 29. x-orrheic (37)___________________________________________________________________ 30. x-edematous (38)________________________________________________________________ 31. x-o-celalgia (26 & 39)_____________________________________________________________ 32. x-o-lithectomy (40 & 58)__________________________________________________________ 33. x-o-lithiasis (17 & 40)_____________________________________________________________ 34. x-o-spasmic (41)_________________________________________________________________ 35. x-o-spasmia (41)_________________________________________________________________ 36. x-ismic (42)_____________________________________________________________________ 37. x-ectopic (43)___________________________________________________________________ 38. x-ectatic (44)____________________________________________________________________ 39. x-o-dysplastic (46)_______________________________________________________________ 40. x-o-trophic (47)__________________________________________________________________ 41. x-o-dystrophic (48)______________________________________________________________ 42. x-atrophic (49)__________________________________________________________________ 43. x-asthenic (50)__________________________________________________________________ Exercises for Chapter 1 7 44. x-o-therapist (12 & 51)____________________________________________________________ 45. x-iatrics (52 & 60)________________________________________________________________ 46. x-iatrist (12 & 52)________________________________________________________________ 47. x-o-centetic (55)_________________________________________________________________ 48. x-orrhaphic (56)_________________________________________________________________ 49. x-otomist (12 & 57)_______________________________________________________________ 50. x-ectomize (1 & 58)______________________________________________________________ 51. x-ectomist (12 & 58)______________________________________________________________ 52. x-ostomize (1 & 59)______________________________________________________________ 53. x-o-geneticist (12 & 23 & 60)______________________________________________________ 54. x-ologic (61)_____________________________________________________________________ 55. x-ologist (12 & 61)________________________________________________________________ 56. x-o-metrics (60 & 63)_____________________________________________________________ 57. x-o-pectin (13 & 65)______________________________________________________________ 58. x-o-lytic (66) (therapeutic)________________________________________________________ 8 Chapter 1: Terminations 59. x-o-lysin (13 & 66) (diagnostic)____________________________________________________ 60. x-o-tropism (67)_________________________________________________________________ 61. x-o-tropin (13 & 67)______________________________________________________________ 62. x-o-tropismic (67)_______________________________________________________________ 1.2 AMBIGUOUS TERMS The following adjectives can each refer to more than one noun. It is up to you to consistently reflect in your translations the fact that most of the diagnostic and therapeutic terminations you have learned denote abstractions: processes and conditions, procedures and other actions. . . mentolabial_____________________________________________________________________ 5b. First edition published 1993; third edition published 2017; with corrections, 2017, 2018; third edition enhanced, published 2019. -scler/os/is: E ptoma/in/e [any of a class of alkaloids found in organic material which is] falling [apart (= de/cay/ing)]) +L pet/er/e to seek (> E pet/i/tion +com/pet/e +im/pet/u/ous, etc. The double adjectival ending -ic-al, found in many commonly occurring English words, usually referring to fields of study (biological, pharmaceutical, psychological and historical, for example), is translated as though it were singular (pertaining to the study of life, etc. something beside the colon Such uses of adjectives of this type (P-x-ic) are relatively rare. The solution is to modify your answer: the word cephalorhinoplasty denotes an operation done to the nose, and it also tells us that the head is somehow involved in that operation. gnath/o/stomat/ic/s the science of the mouth and jaws 3b. coni/fibr/os/is an abnormal condition involving fibers and dust 62a. an abnormal condition involving something through the chest e. through an abnormal condition involving the chest 6. phrenomediastinopneopenia a. a deficiency of breathing, involving a substance of the mediastinum and the mind b. a deficiency of air, involving a substance of the mediastinum and the diaphragm c. a deficiency of air, involving the mediastinum and the diaphragm d. a deficiency of breathing, involving the mediastinum and the mind e. a deficiency of breathing, involving the mediastinum and the diaphragm 2018 Multiple Choice 243 7. arthraledema neuranesthetica a. the loss of perception of something p.t. .176 i. If humerography is the recording of the inflammation of the head, then one who humerus, then the recording of the radius studies the inflammation of the wrist is is radiography. 9) So far as has been possible, each combining form to be learned has been presented along with an English derivative or cognate chosen, at one level, to facilitate through association the memorization of the combining form itself and of its meaning. epithelitis_______________________________________________________________________ 8b. stomatomenia__________________________________________________________________ 35e. the calcaneus 3. bronchosis hemorrhagica = an abnormal condition involving the bronchi, p.t. THE PREMISES OF THIS BOOK Bearing in mind the problems I have outlined and the failings of various attempts to solve them, I offer the present book in the conviction that the premises upon which it is based will make the learning of Medical Terminology more efficient and more thorough. . . gastr/o/splen/ic oment/um the omentum p.t. 1. cytatrophy ________________________________________________________ 2. cytotrophy_________________________________________________________ 3. cytotrophic________________________________________________________ 4. cytatrophic________________________________________________________ 5. cytotropic_________________________________________________________ 6. cytotropism_______________________________________________________ Chapter 2: General Anatomy 51 7. blepharotomy _____________________________________________________ 8. blepharostomy_____________________________________________________ 9. blepharectomy_____________________________________________________ ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS 1. cyt-a-troph-y the lack of growth of cells 2. cyt-o-troph-y the growth/nourishment of cells 3. cyt-o-troph-ic pertaining to the growth/nourishment of cells 4. cyt-a-troph-ic p.t. . the bronchus c. the fixation of something upon something p.t. fibr/o/aden/ia an abnormal condition involving glands and fiber 16b. crin/in a substance of a secretion lymph 28a. cardi/odyn/ia pain in the heart involving vessels 8d. 8. . . calci/o/kin/et/ic p.t. . pneumonia (12) an abnormal condition involving the lungs pneumatic (20) pertaining to air 114 Chapter 6: Respiratory System Thus, when the long forms of the bases occur, there is little room for confusion. the splitting of x 27. xo/pt/ot/ic p.t. 1. the cranial nerve___________________________________________________ 2. the nerve p.t. du/o/den/o/lys/is the separation of the adhesions of the duodenum 17a. elast/o/fibr/oma a tumor involving fibers and elastic tissue 6c. . glandula tympanica_____________________________________________________________ 30c. phallocampsis (diagnostic)_______________________________________________________ 31a. If otogenous is produced by the ear, then produced by the nose is rhinogenous. tracheostomy. Work through the following examples. inguinodynia____________________________________________________________________ 2b. Study the following words and combining forms, with their literal translations. . . 7. chondr-in a substance of cartilage 8. cartilag-otomy the cutting of a cartilage 9. cartilagin-ous p.t. . neuron/o/phag/e something which ingests nerve cells 4d. the sphenoid bone 6a. the ciliary bodies 3. musculi nasales = the muscles p.t. the nose 8. ossicula cranialia = the little bones p.t. . pulpitides______________________________________________________________________ 26b. The Termination x-ist ii. With interspersed ICD-10 and CPT coding guidelines and notes, electronic medical records, and integrated exercises, it combines anatomy and physiology coverage with the latest medical terminology needed by coders . . the temporal bone 5. arthropathia neuropathica = a disease of the joints, p.t. 1. musculus facialis__________________________________________________________________ 2. tendo umbilicalis__________________________________________________________________ 3. cartilago tibialis___________________________________________________________________ 4. ligamentum calcaneum____________________________________________________________ 5. os musculare_____________________________________________________________________ Exercises for Chapter 3 37 6. musculus thoracicus_______________________________________________________________ 7. cartilago sacralis__________________________________________________________________ 8. tendo astragalaris_________________________________________________________________ 9. os patellare_______________________________________________________________________ 10. musculus pubicus________________________________________________________________ 3.5 LATIN PHRASES NAMING MEDICAL PROBLEMS Fill in the blank to complete the definition. scapul/o/pex/y the fixation of the shoulder blade 16a. splenolymphatic ________________________________________________________________ 25c. COMBINING FORMS BONES 1. oste-o (ossify) bone x-ost-os-is (x-osis) the ossification of x 2. oss(e)-o (ossify) bone 3. skelet-o (dried up) skeleton 4. crani-o (cranial) skull 5. cleid-o (clavicle) collar bone 6. clav-i-cul-o, clav(ic)-i (clavichord) collar bone clav-i-cul-a 7. acr-om-i-o (acr-om-o) acromion acr-om-i-on 8. corac-o, corac-oid-o (raven) coracoid process 9. humer-o (shoulder) humerus clavicle (collar bone) os crani-um humer-us acromion coracoid process scapula (shoulder blade) humerus 56 Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal System 10. cubit-o (cubit) elbow cubit-us 11. uln-o (elbow) ulna uln-a 12. radi-o (radial) radius radi-us 13. carp-o (carpal) wrist carp-us 14. phalang-o (phalanx) phalanges phalang-es 15. scapul-o (shoulder) shoulder blade scapul-a 16. rachi-o, rachi-, rhachi-o, rhachi- (rickets) spine 17. spin-o (thorn) spine 18. myel-o (core) spinal cord; bone marrow 19. spondyl-o (round thing) vertebra 20. vertebr-o (invertebrate) vertebra vertebr-a 21. cost-o, cost-i (coast) rib cost-a 22. stern-o (chest) sternum stern-um 23. xiph-o, xiph-oid-o (sword) xiphoid process 24. cox-o spin-a hip cox-a 25. pelv-i, pelv(i)-o (basin) pelvis pelv-is 26. ili-o (flank) ilium ili-um 27. ischi-o (hip-joint) ischium ischi-um 28. pub-o, pub-i (puberty) pubis pub-is 29. sacr-o (sacred) sacrum sacr-um 30. coccyg-o (cuckoo) coccyx coccyx Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal System 57 31. acetab-ul-o (acetic acid) acetabulum acetab-ul-um 32. femor-o (thigh) femur femur 33. pat-ell-o (patent) knee-cap pat-ell-a 34. tibi-o (shin) tibia tibi-a 35. fib-ul-o (fixer) fibula fib-ul-a 36. tars-o (ankle) tarsus tars-us 37. calcane-o (heel) calcaneus calcane-us 38. tal-o (talon) talus tal-us 39. astragal-o (ankle-bone) talus astragal-us ilium sacrum acetabulum coccyx ischium pubis 58 Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal System CONNECTORS 40. chondr-o (hypochondriac) cartilage 41. cartilag(in)-o (gristle) cartilage 42. my-o, my-os-o (mouse) muscle 43. mus-cul-o (muscular) muscle 44. ten-o, tenon(t)-o (distend) tendon 45. tend-o, tendin-o (extend) tendon 46. desm-o (binder) ligament 47. syn-desm-o, syn-desm-os-o (binder with) ligament syn-desm-os-is 48. ligament-o (binder) ligament ligament-um 49. apo-neur-o, apo-neur-os-o (muscle-sheath) aponeurosis 50. achill-o cartilago mus-cul-us tendo apo-neur-os-is Achilles tendon Part B.
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