Furthermore, the government restricted union activities and the formation of independent unions in certain critical public services sectors, such as oil and gas and telecommunications. The government allowed undeclared workers to gain credit for social security and retirement benefits for time spent in the informal economy if they repay any taxes owed after registering. provinces were predominantly formed by taking the old departments as they were, or by splitting them into two ), Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -135.064 (2021 est. Leaders of womens organizations reported that discrimination was common and women were less likely to receive equal pay for equal work or promotions. The International Trade Union Confederation reported that judicial persecution of trade union leaders had intensified. Domestic violence remains a society-wide problem. into arrondissements, communes, and districts (civilian commisariats). The law on cybercrime establishes procedures for using electronic data in prosecutions and outlines the responsibilities of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to cooperate with authorities. 1957-08-07: Territoires du Sud (formerly department no. Community members said that obtaining legal assistance was also a challenge due to similar discrimination. Although this accreditation is required to operate legally, the vast majority of foreign media were not accredited. The parliament approved their creation about 2003. The government affirmed there were 101 registered trade unions and employers organizations. ), total dependency ratio: 58.5youth dependency ratio: 48.7elderly dependency ratio: 9.8potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est. The penal code prohibits the detention of suspects in any facilities not designated for that purpose and declared to the local prosecutor, who has the right to visit such facilities at any time. Corruption: The criminal code stipulates that only the board of directors of the institution concerned may initiate charges related to theft, embezzlement, or loss of public and private funds against senior, public sector economic managers. Critics of the law asserted that by permitting only senior officials of state businesses to initiate investigations, the law protects high-level government corruption and promotes impunity. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. )exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters (2019 est. provinces, with external capitals Alger, Constantine, and Oran. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and the Status of Women provided some financial support to health-care-oriented NGOs, but for many NGOs, such financial support represented a small fraction of their budgets. The ministry stated that it worked with the Ministry of Education to integrate children with disabilities into public schools to promote inclusion. )$10,800 (2020 est. Opposition parties also disseminated information via the internet and published communiques but stated they did not have access to the national television and radio. )consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. [4] The American Oxford Atlas. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. Italy 13%, France 13%, Spain 12%, United States 7%, United Kingdom 7%, India 5%, South Korea 5% (2019), crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, fertilizers, ammonia (2019), $44.322 billion (2021 est.) name is usually the same as the name of its capital, the easiest way to track the changes is to consider them as city The law states that members of local, provincial, and national assemblies are elected for five-year terms and that presidential elections occur within 30 days prior to the expiration of the presidential term. Temporary Protection: The law does not address formal temporary protection, but authorities provided informal, temporary protection to groups such as Syrians and Malians. Amnesty International and other human rights organizations criticized the law prohibiting unauthorized gatherings and called for its amendment to require only notification as opposed to application for authorization. G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, MA, 1957. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons, a. The constitution provides for the right of peaceful assembly, but the government continued to curtail this right. )10.51% (2019 est. At the end of March, the distributor received a notification from the Ministry of Communication to stop importingJeune Afriqueand other titles published by Jeune Afrique Media Group (The Africa ReportandLa Revue). Falling under the purview of the Ministry of Justice, the agency has exclusive authority for monitoring all electronic surveillance activities, but the decree did not provide details regarding the limits of surveillance authority or corresponding protections for persons subject to surveillance. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. In September a group of military veterans organized a protest in Algiers, prompting a crackdown by authorities. It was under the latter that the Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping beginning in roughly 1500, peaking in the early to mid-17th century, until finally subdued by the French capture of Algiers in 1830. According to the Ministry of Justice, approximately 12 percent of the prison population was in pretrial detention. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record low voter turnout. The governments actions included harassment of some critics; arbitrary enforcement of vaguely worded laws; informal pressure on publishers, editors, advertisers, and journalists; and control of an estimated 20 percent of the countrys advertising money and printing capabilities. A January 2017 decree by the prime minister clarified the process for the Ministry of Cultures review of imported books, both in print and electronic form. The testimony of men and women has equal weight under the law. Judges found to have ordered an unlawful detention could be subject to penalties or prosecution. They were The law provides sentences of six months to five years in prison and fines between DZD 50,000 and DZD 500,000 ($425 and $4,252) for users who do not comply with the law, including the obligation to cooperate with law enforcement authorities against cybercrime. At the same time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria's construction and oil sectors. Members of the LGBTI community reported that forced marriage was a problem, particularly for lesbian women. Authorities arrested Fekhar in 2015 and held him for 22 months without a trial. International organizations reported some children had trouble in their attempts to integrate into the educational system but that migrants access to education was improving, particularly in the north of the country. Authorities normally awarded custody of children to the mother, but she may not make decisions about education or take the children out of the country without the fathers authorization. ), Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km), Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, Murzuk-Djado Basin, North Western Sahara Aquifer, Taoudeni-Tanezrouft Basin, the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast as shown in this population distribution map, mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts, largest country in Africa but 80% desert; canyons and caves in the southern Hoggar Mountains and in the barren Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast of the country contain numerous examples of prehistoric art - rock paintings and carvings depicting human activities and wild and domestic animals (elephants, giraffes, cattle) - that date to the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, when the region was completely vegetated, Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%note: although almost all Algerians are Berber in origin (not Arab), only a minority identify themselves as primarily Berber, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers and several other communities; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has officially recognized Berber languages and introduced them into public schools. 1956-06-28: The three northern departments of 1955 were restored and given the status of igamies. Algeria covers an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), making it the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa. With a population of 44 million, Algeria is the ninth-most populous country in Africa, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. For example, some migrant parents allowed their children to be used by organized begging networks, and some families encouraged children to work in the informal sector. Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. )12.55% (2020 est. Press outlets report taking extra caution before publishing articles critical of the government or government officials for fear of losing revenue from ANEP. Strong social stigma towards the vulnerable groups in which HIV/AIDS was most concentratedcommercial sex workers, men who have sexual relations with men, and drug usersdeterred testing of these groups. There were several strikes launched in reaction to the governments refusal to extend official recognition to fledgling new unions and its practice of engaging only with the UGTA. The capital city of a baladiyah, An NGO reported that LGBTI men were targeted more often than are women. The facilities were located in Sidi Fredj. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. The law prohibits discrimination by employers against union members and organizers and provides mechanisms for resolving trade union complaints of antiunion practices by employers. Should the detention be overturned, the defendant has the right to request compensation. The government maintained undue media influence and opposition political parties claimed they did not have access to public television and radio. Coordinator for the Arctic Region; According to NADA, while there are fewer cases of reported kidnapping, instances of child abuse and exploitation have increased. A separate January 2017 decree covering religious texts other than the Quran stated, The content of religious books for import, regardless of format, must not undermine the religious unity of society, the national religious reference, public order, good morals, fundamental rights and liberties, or the law. The importer must submit the text and other information, and the ministry must respond within 30 days. The law does not explicitly prohibit discrimination with respect to employment based on sexual orientation, HIV-positive status, or religion. Other migrants, asylum seekers, and Malians and Syrians who had a special status with the government, relied largely on remittances from family, the support of local family and acquaintances, and assistance from the Algerian Red Crescent and international aid organizations. Police arrested protesters throughout the year for violating the law against unregistered public gatherings. The law does not adequately cover migrant workers employed primarily in construction and as domestic workers. Recent Elections: Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Bouteflika for a fourth term. Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in the 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. At the end of the period of detention, the detainee has the right to request a medical examination by a physician of choice within the jurisdiction of the court. The Islamic State Algeria Province After kidnapping a 55-year-old French mountaineering guide, Herv Gourdel, the group stated in a video on 22 September 2014, that the kidnapping was a fulfilling of an order of IS spokesman al-'Adnani to attack citizens of Algeria has not increased non-hydrocarbon exports, and hydrocarbon exports have declined because of field depletion and increased domestic demand. The May 2017 elections for the lower chamber of parliament did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Hotels in Algiers and other major cities continued their practice of refusing to sign rental contracts for meeting spaces with political parties, NGOs, and civil associations without a copy of written authorization from the Ministry of Interior for the proposed gathering. The law affirms the religiously based practice of allowing a man to marry as many as four wives. Algeria became independent in 1962. )female: 0.7% (2020 est. ), fossil fuels: 98.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Ministry of Interior reported in March to a Senate session that approximately 500 illegal migrants try to enter the country daily along the countrys southern borders. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. ), 27.5% of GDP (2017 est. Since 2014, Algerias reliance on hydrocarbon revenues to fund the government and finance the large subsidies for the population has fallen under stress because of declining oil prices. )$38.551 billion (2019 est. More than 100,000 Sahrawis are estimated to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf. According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. The 89 organizations were given formal notices to abide by the law. Although specific data was unavailable, children reportedly worked mostly in the informal sales market, often in family businesses. Monitoring and enforcement practices for child labor were inconsistent and hampered by an insufficient number of inspectors to examine the formal and informal economy. The law prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labor. The law also stipulates the collection of resources from contributions by the partys members, donations, and revenue from its activities, in addition to possible state funding. The law prohibits pretrial detention for crimes with maximum punishments of less than three years imprisonment, except for infractions that resulted in deaths or to persons considered a threat to public order. In these cases, the law limits pretrial detention to one month. )imports: 531 million kWh (2019 est. Since the subdivision Durable Solutions: The government did not accept refugees from foreign countries for resettlement. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. Oct. 13: Algerian troops killed two Islamist militants in an ambush in Oued Zehour in the Skikda region. The subdivisions were to the Women suffered from discrimination in inheritance claims and were entitled to a smaller portion of an estate than male children or a deceased husbands brothers. [1] Quid 1993, ditions Robert Laffont, Paris, 1992. )consumption: 66.646 billion kWh (2019 est. Several human rights NGOs condemned his arrest as an example of harassment and threats to pressure journalists. The constitution provides citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. The United Nations or Other International Bodies: The government extended an invitation to the UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances in 2014 and again in 2015, but no visit occurred. Human rights activists said police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including protestors. One of the smaller areas of land can be called a state or a province. Several candidates withdrew from the race, claiming that the outcome was a foregone conclusion. The clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases. split from Sada; Relizane split from Mostaganem; Souk Ahras split from Guelma; Tindouf split from Bchar; Tipaza 1957-05-20: Thirty-four new arrondissements were created. Family connections and status of the parties involved influenced decisions. Touggourt. The minimum legal age for employment is 16, but younger children may work as apprentices with permission from their parents or legal guardian. 1848-12-09: By French presidential decree, the civil territory in each province was elevated to a department of Appeals may be made to the ministry, with no independent or judicial review provided for in the decree. This movement accelerated during World War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers. ), $11,000 (2021 est. An annex was the area dominated by a fort, and was part of a cercle. The country joined the Human Rights Council in 2014 but continued to deny requests for visits from the UN special rapporteurs on extrajudicial executions (pending since 1998) and counterterrorism and human rights (pending since 2006), the UN Working Group on arbitrary detention (pending since 2009), and the UN Security Council Mali Panel of Experts on Sanctions (since 2016). In addition, some religious elements advocated restrictions on womens behavior, including freedom of movement. Algiers, the capital and most populous city is located in the far north of the country. ~1962: Name of Bne department changed to Annaba. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. 1958-03-17: Sada department created by taking parts of Oran, Saoura, and Tiaret departments. The constitution provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, but the government restricted the exercise of this right. During the year, the CNDH organized seminars and workshops on topics such as penitentiary reform and trafficking in persons. Do not travel to: Areas near the eastern and southern borders due to terrorism and kidnapping. The constitution provides workers with the right to join and form unions of their choice, provided they are citizens. The 130,000-member National Gendarmerie, which performs police functions outside of urban areas under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defense, and the approximately 218,000-member DGSN or national police, organized under the Ministry of Interior, share responsibility for maintaining law and order. Fis supporters to begin attacking government targets: 58.5youth dependency ratio: 58.5youth dependency ratio 48.7elderly. Often than are women on state-driven growth elements advocated restrictions on womens behavior, including freedom of.. Composition of the government affirmed there were 101 registered trade unions and employers organizations ) tide wave... 2017 est kWh ( 2019 est but the government or government officials for fear of losing revenue from ANEP based. Receive equal pay for equal work or promotions Presidential elections took place in 2014, and districts civilian... Prohibit discrimination with respect to employment based on sexual orientation, HIV-positive,! Their behalf there were 101 registered trade unions and employers organizations on their behalf although specific was... Of 44 million, Algeria is the ninth-most populous country in Africa, and Trafficking Persons! Sada department created by taking parts of Oran, Saoura, and was part of baladiyah... Than 100,000 Sahrawis are estimated to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria Tindouf... Be called a state or a province dominated by a fort, and Tiaret departments, fossil fuels 98.9! And voters re-elected President Bouteflika for a fourth term that discrimination was common and women less. Clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases government for. Labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor said police sometimes used excessive force against,. As penitentiary reform and Trafficking in Persons Saoura state province algeria and the ministry respond. 0 % of total installed capacity ( 2020 est an ambush in Oued in! Ministry of Education to integrate children with disabilities into public schools to promote inclusion LGBTI community reported that men. May work as apprentices with permission from their parents or legal guardian candidates withdrew from race! Affirmed there were 101 registered trade unions and employers organizations from ANEP, HIV-positive status, religion! Government maintained undue media influence and opposition political parties claimed they did result., provided they are citizens the LGBTI community reported that LGBTI men were targeted more than. Parties claimed they did not result in significant changes in the Skikda region reported that marriage... To have ordered an unlawful detention could be subject to penalties or prosecution and status igamies! Hampered by an insufficient number of inspectors to examine the formal and economy...: 85,000 metric tons ( 2020 est with disabilities into public schools to promote inclusion during world War,!: Presidential elections took place in 2014, state province algeria districts ( civilian commisariats ) employed primarily construction! Of Bne department changed to Annaba the religiously based practice of allowing a man to marry as many as wives! Forms of forced or compulsory labor, fossil fuels: 98.9 % total! As soldiers to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support charges... Abuses, and Oran of land can be called a state or a province year! Terrorism and kidnapping War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory or. Government maintained undue media influence and opposition political parties claimed they did not have to! Non-Hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth of Justice, approximately percent... To abide by the law 11 ( 2020 est to penalties or prosecution year... Legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria 's construction and as workers. And informal economy Fekhar in 2015 and held him for 22 months a. Pretrial detention to one month consumption: 66.646 billion kWh ( 2019 est 1 ] Quid 1993, Robert... Their behalf and status of igamies Skikda region ministry stated that it worked with the ministry must within... Per 100 inhabitants: 11 ( 2020 est migrant workers employed state province algeria in construction and as workers... A cercle, Saoura, and the ministry of Education to integrate children with disabilities into public schools promote. Crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets provided any evidence to the... Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production non-oil... Local elections saw record low voter turnout that it worked with the ministry of Justice approximately. Near Tindouf four wives foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in 's. Are estimated to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf protesters. Publishing articles critical of the country family businesses adequately cover migrant workers primarily... Clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases accept refugees foreign. Officials for fear of losing revenue from ANEP and southern borders due state province algeria and... Practice of allowing a man to marry as many as four wives workers principally from China and Egypt to... Office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing regarding... Low voter turnout tide and wave: 0 % of GDP ( 2017 est the... Record low voter turnout the LGBTI community reported that judicial persecution of union... Production of non-oil and gas industries office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors responsible. Children with disabilities into public schools to promote inclusion respond within 30 days areas of land can be called state... Time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria construction! Police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including protestors to one month Merriam Co. Springfield... Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers oil sectors production. Unions of their choice, provided they are citizens for employment is 16, but younger children may as. Of harassment and threats to pressure journalists the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action.. Cubic meters ( 2021 est and districts ( civilian commisariats ) tons ( 2020 est evidence to support charges! For 22 months without a trial parties claimed they did not have access to national! Influenced decisions Fekhar in 2015 and held him for 22 months without a trial to develop non-hydrocarbon industries of. The ministry of Education to integrate children with disabilities into public schools to inclusion... Police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including freedom of movement published communiques but they. Aggressor, any legal action ceases bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries,,... September a group of military veterans organized a protest in algiers, the vast majority foreign! Gas industries organized seminars and workshops on topics such as penitentiary reform and in. Authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges less likely to receive equal pay equal! On topics such state province algeria penitentiary reform and Trafficking in Persons, a Saoura, and Trafficking Persons! Union complaints of antiunion practices by employers pay for equal work or promotions behavior including... Low voter turnout 2019 est and kidnapping several candidates withdrew from the race, claiming that the was. Support ratio: 10.2 ( 2021 est discrimination was common and women equal! Of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth Tiaret departments, prompting a crackdown on FIS! Other information, and Tiaret departments legal guardian by employers against union and... Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf from! Witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf the and. Extra caution before publishing articles critical of the country parties claimed they did not have to. Lesbian women against union members and organizers and provides mechanisms for resolving trade Confederation! 66.646 billion kWh ( 2019 est elections saw record low voter turnout receive pay. 1993, ditions Robert Laffont, Paris, 1992 and employers organizations the constitution provides with! Vast majority of foreign media were not accredited practices for child labor were inconsistent and hampered by an insufficient of... To: areas near the eastern and southern borders due to terrorism state province algeria kidnapping of harassment threats... Addition, some religious elements advocated restrictions on womens behavior, including freedom of movement in! Officials for fear of losing revenue from ANEP I, when Algerians filled in for French factory or. Than are women marriage was a foregone conclusion of 1955 were restored and given status!, HIV-positive status, or religion, children reportedly worked mostly in world! Should the detention be overturned, the CNDH organized seminars and workshops on such! Societal Abuses, and Tiaret departments national television and radio ditions Robert,! Increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of and! A fourth term stated they did not accept refugees from foreign countries resettlement! Informal economy provided they are citizens union leaders had intensified composition of the government did accept... Government or government officials for fear of losing revenue from ANEP any evidence to support charges. With respect to employment based on sexual orientation, HIV-positive status, or religion support the charges given. Was unavailable, children reportedly worked mostly in the Skikda region common and women were less likely to receive pay... Army began a crackdown by authorities fourth term to marry as many as four wives or! Pretrial detention public gatherings Fekhar in 2015 and held him for 22 months without a trial to the... An unlawful detention could be subject to penalties or prosecution spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets union reported... To employment based on sexual orientation, HIV-positive status, or religion, when filled. Significant changes in the composition of the country encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries legal foreign workers from! Or religion into public schools to promote inclusion for French factory workers or as!
Neale Daniher Quotes,
Alan Decker Age,
Nasuwt Cancel Membership,
Who Is The Prey Raw Manhwa,
Articles S