Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. You can make a real difference in the lives of students. Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. [202], In the 2015 United States census estimates, Montana had the second-highest percentage of U.S. military veterans living there. Subsequent to and particularly in the decades following the Lewis and Clark Expedition, European, Canadian and American traders operated a fur trade, trading with indigenous peoples, in both eastern and western portions of what would become Montana. Montana cities map. [203], Montana's Hispanic population is concentrated in the Billings area in south-central Montana, where many of Montana's Mexican-Americans have been in the state for generations. Montana currently has 129 active incorporated municipalities, of which 76 are towns, 51 are cities and 2 are consolidated city and county governments. During the war, about 30 Japanese Fu-Go balloon bombs were documented to have landed in Montana, though no casualties nor major forest fires were attributed to them. For Sale. The western half of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges, while the eastern half is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands, with smaller mountain ranges found throughout the state. Beginning in 1919, Montana moved to district, rather than at-large, elections for its two House members. [81] About 60 percent of the state is prairie, part of the northern Great Plains. Its size is comparable to countries such as Norway, Zimbabwe, and Japan. Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, larch, spruce, aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder, rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. Montana has only one representative in the U.S. House, having lost its second district in the 1990 census reapportionment. Senator in 1978). [313], The 1972 constitution requires that voters determine every 20 years whether to hold a new constitutional convention. Primarily rural, Montana is home to national parks, miles of open country, an abundance of wildlife and spectacular scenery. The aptly-named Heart of Montana is an outdoor recreation paradise: hunting, fishing, skiing, hiking and biking are just a few of the possibilities for those of you who enjoy the great outdoors. [89] It causes the Waterton River, Belly, and Saint Mary rivers to flow north into Alberta, Canada. [162] The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manages fishing and hunting seasons for at least 17 species of game fish, including seven species of trout, walleye, and smallmouth bass[163] and at least 29 species of game birds and animals including ring-neck pheasant, grey partridge, elk, pronghorn antelope, mule deer, whitetail deer, gray wolf, and bighorn sheep.[164]. The front is often well defined, causing a large temperature drop in a 24-hour period. Land United States: The northern Mountain region Montana The western two-fifths of Montana falls within the Rocky Mountains, and the eastern three-fifths lies upon the Great Plains. The Montana Worker's Compensation Court was established by the Montana Workers' Compensation Act in 1975. However, there are also a number of vibrant cities with a flair for cowboy culture. Throughout the state, summer nights are generally cool and pleasant. [184] Based on 2013 census numbers, they contain 35 percent of Montana's population,[185] and the counties in which they are located are home to 62 percent of the state's population.[186]. Many species of mushrooms and lichens[154] are also found in the state. Montana Shakespeare in the Parks has been performing free, live theatrical productions of Shakespeare and other classics throughout Montana and the Northwest region since 1973. The 38th Annual Montana Aviation Conference will be held at the Billings Hotel and Convention Center located at 1223 Mullowney Lane, Billngs, Montana 59101. It allowed the legislature to increase the number of justices by two, which the legislature did in 1979. The base also hosted the 29th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, Air Defense Command from 1953 to 1968. [113] Tablelands are often topped with argillite gravel and weathered quartzite, occasionally underlain by shale. Montana has quickly become a coveted travel destination. Montana: Directed by Jennifer Leitzes. Eastern Montana comprises plains and badlands, broken by hills and isolated mountain ranges, and has a semi-arid, continental climate (Kppen climate classification BSk). Read on for our top 15 places to visit in Montana in 2022. "[209] It is the only state in the U.S. with such a constitutional mandate. Extreme hot weather is less common above 4,000 feet or 1,200 meters. These numbers constituted about ten percent of the state's population, and Montana again contributed one of the highest numbers of soldiers per capita of any state. Hell Roaring Creek begins in southern Montana, and when combined with the Red Rock, Beaverhead, Jefferson, Missouri, and Mississippi River, is the longest river in North America and the fourth longest river in the world. [271], Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Trapping of assorted fur-bearing animals is allowed in certain seasons and many opportunities exist for migratory waterfowl and upland bird hunting. A 1974 state severance tax on coal (which varied from 20 to 30%) was upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States in Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana, 453 U.S. 609 (1981). When a suitcase full of money disappears, the members of the gang quickly turn on each other. The honyocker was farmer, spinster, deep-sea diver; fiddler, physician, bartender, cook. Indigenous peoples in the region were also decimated by diseases introduced by fur traders to which they had no immunity. Beginning in 1909, these elections became nonpartisan. Montana cities map. Billings Email agent. [41] In the 1880s, Helena (the state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city. In 1881, the Utah and Northern Railway, a branch line of the Union Pacific, completed a narrow-gauge line from northern Utah to Butte. As settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. [130] Major tributaries of the Yellowstone include the Boulder,[147] Stillwater,[148] Clarks Fork,[149] Bighorn,[150] Tongue,[151] and Powder Rivers. [256] Montana allows the smallest"Class C"high schools to utilize six-man football teams,[257] dramatized in the independent 2002 film The Slaughter Rule.[258]. [31][32] Granville Stuart, Samuel Hauser, and Andrew J. Davis started a major open-range cattle operation in Fergus County in 1879. Montana currently has 129 active incorporated municipalities, of which 76 are towns, 51 are cities and 2 are consolidated city and county governments. Eastern Montana . The first operational missiles were in place and ready in early 1962. [76], The state's topography is roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. Montana is one of the eight Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. Montanas Official Tourism, Travel & Vacation Info Site If the horizon was endless, where would you go? Painter and sculptor Charles Marion Russell, known as "the cowboy artist", created more than 2,000 paintings of cowboys, Native Americans, and landscapes set in the Western United States and in Alberta, Canada. The Water Court adjudicates water rights claims under the Montana Water Use Act of 1973 and has statewide jurisdiction. In the reapportionment following the 2020 census, Montana regained a House seat, increasing the state's number of representatives in the House to two after a thirty-year break, starting from 2023.[318]. Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. We love all of Montana! However, property taxes are assessed on livestock, farm machinery, heavy equipment, automobiles, trucks, and business equipment. Three former Montana politicians have been named judges on the U.S. District Court: Charles Nelson Pray (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1907 to 1913), James F. Battin (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969), and Paul G. Hatfield (who served as an appointed U.S. In 1870, the non-Indian population of the Montana Territory was 20,595. Heron, in the west, receives the most precipitation, 34.70 inches (881mm). From statehood in 1889 until 1913, Montana was represented in the United States House of Representatives by a single representative, elected at-large. Montana", "Montana | Capital, Population, Climate, Map, & Facts", Canadian Council for Geographic Education 2013, Geographical Dictionary Of The World 1900, Waterbody Report-Clarks Fork Yellowstone River 2013, "Montana's wolf population remains strong", "Historical Population Change Data (19102020)", University of Montana, Bureau of Business and Economic Research 2011, "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Montana; United States", "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States", "Population of Montana - Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts", Census Bureau-Annual Estimates of Race 2012, Montana Office of Public Instruction 2009, "Montana Constitution, Article X, section 1", "Montana Schools Try to Keep Indian Students Engaged by Teaching Indian Culture to All", "National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 64, Number 1, January 15, 2015", "National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 64, Number 12, December 23, 2015 (The general fertility rate for 2014 on page 4 was corrected to read 62.9 on December 23, 2015. COVID-19 Vaccine Availability by County [24] The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891. Montana is called the Treasure State because of its immense mineral wealth. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. Independent state agencies not within a department or office include the Montana Arts Council, Montana Board of Crime Control, Montana Historical Society, Montana Public Employees Retirement Administration, Commissioner of Political Practices, the Montana Lottery, Office of the State Public Defender, Public Service Commission, the Montana School for the Deaf and Blind, the Montana State Fund (which operates the state's unemployment insurance, worker compensation, and self-insurance operations), the Montana State Library, and the Montana Teachers Retirement System. [needs update], Montana is a relative hub of beer microbrewing, ranking third in the nation in number of craft breweries per capita in 2011. Elections in the state have been historically competitive, particularly for state-level offices. The health care, service, and government sectors are also significant to the state's economy. Montana District Courts are the courts of general jurisdiction in Montana. Major battles occurred in Montana during Red Cloud's War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, and the Nez Perce War and in conflicts with Piegan Blackfeet. Montana's Official State Website - Home Featured Resources Election Results File Your Tax Return or Where's my Refund File Upload for W-2s, 1099s & MW-3s Montana REAL ID File an Unemployment Claim Online Driver License Renewal Education Donation Portal Search for a Job Renew your Professional License Hunting Information Register A Business Senators serve four-year terms, while Representatives serve two-year terms. Montanans have been a part of several major sporting achievements: Montana provides year-round outdoor recreation opportunities for residents and visitors. However, public opinion grew increasingly negative towards them in the 1890s, and nearly half of the state's Asian population left by 1900. There have also been long-term shifts in party control. Montana is one of the best spots in North America for seeing wildlife. The 38th Annual Montana Aviation Conference will be held at the Billings Hotel and Convention Center located at 1223 Mullowney Lane, Billngs, Montana 59101. [53] Also, most settlers were from wetter regions, unprepared for the dry climate, lack of trees, and scarce water resources. [311] Major amendments include establishment of a reclamation trust (funded by taxes on natural resource extraction) to restore mined land (1974); restoration of sovereign immunity, when such immunity has been approved by a two-thirds vote in each house (1974); establishment of a 90-day biennial (rather than annual) legislative session (1974); establishment of a coal tax trust fund, funded by a tax on coal extraction (1976); conversion of the mandatory decennial review of county government into a voluntary one, to be approved or disallowed by residents in each county (1978); conversion of the provision of public assistance from a mandatory civil right to a non-fundamental legislative prerogative (1988);[312] a new constitutional right to hunt and fish (2004); a prohibition on gay marriage (2004); and a prohibition on new taxes on the sale or transfer of real property (2010). The Anaconda Copper Company, which was at its historic peak of copper production,[64] was an extremely powerful force in Montana, but it also faced criticism and opposition from socialist newspapers and unions struggling to make gains for their members. He lived in Minnesota or Wisconsin, Massachusetts or Maine. There are junior ice hockey teams in Montana, three of which are affiliated with the North American 3 Hockey League: the Bozeman Icedogs, Great Falls Americans, and Helena Bighorns. Montana (/mntn/ (listen)) is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. [200], As of 2009, almost two-thirds of Native Americans in the state live in urban areas. Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. [231] Significant industries exist for lumber and mineral extraction; the state's resources include gold, coal, silver, talc, and vermiculite. Montana is called the Treasure State because of its immense mineral wealth. Primarily rural, Montana is home to national parks, miles of open country, an abundance of wildlife and spectacular scenery. [160] Montana hosts five federally endangered speciesblack-footed ferret, whooping crane, least tern, pallid sturgeon, and white sturgeon and seven threatened species including the grizzly bear, Canadian lynx, and bull trout. On the eastern (leeward) side of a mountain range, the valleys are much drier; Lonepine averages 11.45 inches (291mm), and Deer Lodge 11.00 inches (279mm) of precipitation. Known as Big Sky Country, Montana is an amazing destination for all those who appreciate the beauty of the great outdoors. Job openings are down from 2,919 in 2022 to 2,700 in 2023, but there are still more openings than in 2021. This created Montana's 1st congressional district in the west and Montana's 2nd congressional district in the east. Its rivers feed the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Hudson Bay. Population (2020) 1,084,225. District Courts have the authority to enforce decisions of the Water Court, but only the Montana Supreme Court has the authority to review decisions of the Water Court. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. [234], In the 1980s the absence of a sales tax became economically deleterious to communities bound to the state's tourism industry, as the revenue from income and property taxes provided by residents was grossly insignificant in regards to paying for the impact of non-residential travelespecially road repair. The property's value is multiplied by a tax rate, set by the Montana Legislature, to determine its taxable value. Land United States: The northern Mountain region Montana The western two-fifths of Montana falls within the Rocky Mountains, and the eastern three-fifths lies upon the Great Plains. Known as Big Sky Country, Montana is an amazing destination for all those who appreciate the beauty of the great outdoors. [153] Other major reservoirs include Hungry Horse on the Flathead River; Lake Koocanusa on the Kootenai River; Lake Elwell on the Marias River; Clark Canyon on the Beaverhead River; Yellowtail on the Bighorn River, Canyon Ferry, Hauser, Holter, Rainbow; and Black Eagle on the Missouri River. In turn, pro-War groups formed, such as the Montana Council of Defense, created by Governor Samuel V. Stewart and local "loyalty committees". One of the first teachers at the school was Sarah Raymond. [49] Homesteaders arriving in this period were known as "Honyockers", or "scissorbills". March 2 March 4, 2023. 1 bed. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. [208], Montana's Constitution specifically reads, "the state recognizes the distinct and unique cultural heritage of the American Indians and is committed in its educational goals to the preservation of their cultural integrity. Still, the state's most important eastwest travel corridor, the route is today served by Interstate 90 and Interstate 94 which roughly follow the same route as the Northern Pacific. The constitution requires the establishment of a Montana Supreme Court and Montana District Courts, and permits the legislature to establish Justice Courts, City Courts, Municipal Courts, and other inferior courts such as the legislature sees fit to establish. Glendive, Great Falls, Havre City, Lewis Town, and Miles City are located east of the Continental Divide and experience a semi-arid steppe climate. Evelyn Cameron, a naturalist and photographer from Terry documented early 20th-century life on the Montana prairie, taking startlingly clear pictures of everything around her: cowboys, sheepherders, weddings, river crossings, freight wagons, people working, badlands, eagles, coyotes and wolves. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. These clashes, in part, contributed to the Panic of 1873, a financial crisis that delayed the construction of the railroad into Montana. [28] By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States. [276][277] The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, which protects wildlife habitat and promotes hunting heritage, was founded in Montana. [46] In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. The Montana Water Court was established by the Montana Water Court Act of 1979. Montana hosts numerous arts and cultural festivals and events every year. A part of southeastern Montana was used as a corridor between the Crows and the related Hidatsas in North Dakota. 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. The U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service administers 110,000 acres (450km2) of 1.1million acres of National Wildlife Refuges and waterfowl production areas in Montana. [93] North of these ranges are the Big Belt Mountains, Bridger Mountains, Tobacco Roots, and several island ranges, including the Crazy Mountains and Little Belt Mountains.[94]. Operated by the National Park Service, it is a 1,900-acre (7.7km2) working ranch.[35]. 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. Montana public health agencies continue to assist communities in responding to COVID-19. Montana Territory became one of the territories of the United States on May 26, 1864. Federal courts in Montana include the United States District Court for the District of Montana and the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana. Montana RailLink, a privately held Class II railroad, operates former Northern Pacific trackage in western Montana. The first constitution was drafted by a constitutional convention in 1889, in preparation for statehood. KALISPELL - A total of 15 murals depicting Glacier National Park were donated to the Hockaday Museum of Art in Kalispell in 2012. [165], Areas managed by the National Park Service include:[166], Montana is a large state with considerable variation in geography, topography and elevation, and the climate is equally varied. This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 15:52. [138] Montana also claims the disputed title of possessing the world's shortest river, the Roe River, just outside Great Falls. [309] The draft included an expanded, more progressive list of civil and political rights, extended these rights to children for the first time, transferred administration of property taxes to the counties from the state, implemented new water rights, eliminated sovereign immunity, and gave the legislature greater power to spend tax revenues. The first school year ran through the summer and did not end until August 17. Federal and state agencies administer approximately 31,300,000 acres (127,000km2), or 35 percent of Montana's land. Around 1500 Montanans died as a result of the war and 2437 were wounded, also higher than any other state on a per capita basis. All waters in Montana west of the divide flow into the Columbia River. [26], Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for many centuries, were being destroyed. The Montana University System consists of: The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. Among Montana's most historically prominent senators are Thomas J. Walsh (serving from 1913 to 1933), who was President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt's choice for attorney general when he died; Burton K. Wheeler (serving from 1923 to 1947), an oft-mentioned presidential candidate and strong supporter of isolationism; Mike Mansfield, the longest-serving Senate majority leader in U.S. history; Max Baucus (served 1978 to 2014), longest-serving U.S. senator in Montana history, and the senator who shepherded the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act through the Senate in 2010; and Lee Metcalf (served 1961 to 1978), a pioneer of the environmental movement. Montana and South Dakota are the only states to share a land border that is not traversed by a paved road. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organization's annual conclaves. Yes, it certainly is for those looking for wide open spaces and easy access to natural wonders like the Rocky Mountains and Glacier National Park, Montana can be the ideal place to raise a family or to start your educational Journey at Montana State University in beautiful Bozeman. [210] South Dakota passed similar legislation in 2007, and Wisconsin was working to strengthen its own program based on this modeland the current practices of Montana's schools. [284], Snow coach tours are offered at Big Sky, Whitefish, West Yellowstone and into Yellowstone National Park. [22] In 1869 and 1870 respectively, the CookFolsomPeterson and the WashburnLangfordDoane Expeditions were launched from Helena into the Upper Yellowstone region. [254] One is a member of the Great Northwest Athletic Conference. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. Several species of sagebrush and cactus and many species of grasses are common. [167], The coldest temperature on record for Montana is also the coldest temperature for the contiguous United States. District Court judges are elected and serve six-year terms. Everyone wants the money and In addition, there are over 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state. The first territorial capital was located at Bannack. [93] It contains the state's highest point, Granite Peak, 12,799 feet (3,901m) high. The remaining seat was again elected at-large. Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). The most notable were the Marias Massacre (1870), Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876), Battle of the Big Hole (1877), and Battle of Bear Paw (1877). The most notorious of Montana's early senators was William A. Clark, a "Copper King" and one of the 50 richest Americans ever. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. [229], As of 2020[update], the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis estimated Montana's state product was $51.91 billion (47th in the nation) and per capita personal income was $41,280 (37th in the nation)..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}"Personal Income for Montana". These lands are managed by the state for the benefit of public schools and institutions in the state. Montana is home to diverse fauna including 14 amphibian,[155] 90 fish,[156] 117 mammal,[157] 20 reptile,[158] and 427 bird[159] species. The Big Hole Valley,[95] Bitterroot Valley,[96] Gallatin Valley,[97] Flathead Valley,[98][99] and Paradise Valley[100] have extensive agricultural resources and multiple opportunities for tourism and recreation. Montana (/ m n t n / ()) is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States.It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state for the benefit of public and. Also been long-term shifts in party control money disappears, the members of the spots... 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