Due to the Occupation, the National Bank of Denmark was compelled to exchange German currency for Danish notes, effectively granting the Germans a gigantic unsecured loan with only vague promises that the money would eventually be paid, something which never happened. Kryssing, Chief of the 5th Artillery reg., Holbk, has with the consent of the Royal Danish Government assumed command over 'Free Corps Denmark'". The second gun malfunctioned. [1] On 9 April 1940, Germany occupied Denmark in Operation Weserbung. The decision to occupy Denmark was taken in Berlin on 17 December 1939. [15] This means that they had taken far more out of the Danish economy than they had put in, aside from the negative side effects of the war on trade. As with the Faroe Islands, the United Kingdom occupied Iceland (to pre-empt a German occupation) but later turned it over to the United States, before that country entered the war in 1941. The Gestapo had limited trust in the Danish police, which had a total 10,000 members. A third option, the government going into exile as the Czechoslovakian government had done, was not chosen. [10] The police and judicial system remained in Danish hands, and unlike most occupied countries, King Christian X remained in the country as Danish head of state. The attack on Denmark was a breach of the non-aggression pact Denmark had signed with Germany less than a year earlier. 2022-07-02. On 19 September 1944 the Germans dissolved the Danish police, which was seen as a potential military threat. 485 Danish Jews were arrested though, and then sent to the concentration camp at Theresienstadt in Czechoslovakia. Regarding Greenland, on 9 April 1941, the Danish envoy (ambassador) to the United States, Henrik Kauffmann, signed a treaty with the U.S., authorising it to defend Greenland and construct military stations there. After the war, 40,000 people were arrested on suspicion of collaboration. The voter turnout was 89.5%, the highest in any Danish parliamentary election, and 94% cast their ballots for one of the democratic parties behind the cooperation policy while 2.2% voted for the anti-cooperation Dansk Samling. The occupation began with Operation Weserbung on 9 April 1940, and lasted until German forces withdrew at the end of World War II following their surrender to the Allies on 5 May 1945. Podcast with one of 2,000 Danish policemen in Buchenwald. Sign with addendumthat modifies the pact. World War Two 757K subscribers This week, the Phoney War seems to come to an end when Germany invades Denmark and Norway. One gun returned fire until a tank drove over it. Senaste mnen. [14] Bolstered by retreating units, approximately 400 Danes defended the town. [24] The authorities would not enact special laws concerning Jews, and their civil rights remained equal with those of the rest of the population. Learning from them that Bredevad had been taken, they retreated to the northeast via secondary roads.[14]. While his family finds themselves on opposite sides of the conflict. German authorities, on the other hand, would only agree if those policemen would take an active part in defeating the Danish resistance.[39]. The decision to occupy Denmark was taken in Berlin on 17 December 1939. [6] The issue was finally settled when Adolf Hitler personally crossed out the words die Nordspitze Jtlands ("the Northern tip of Jutland") and replaced them with D, a German abbreviation for Denmark. (See: World War II casualties). ), Heard from Minister of Foreign Affairs, Nils Svenningsen. The Danish National Bank estimates that the occupation had resulted in the printing press increasing the currency supply from the pre-war figure of 400 million kroner to 1,600 million, much of which ended up in the hands of war profiteers. [49], The policy of the government, called samarbejdspolitikken (cooperation policy) is one of the most controversial issues in Danish history. [8], The attack on Denmark was part of Operation Weserbung Sd, Germany's plan for the invasion of Norway. Camps were placed behind barbed wire and guarded by military personnel to avoid contact with the Danish population. After the war there was some effort to find and punish profiteers, but the consequences and scope of these trials were far less severe than in many other countries, largely a reflection of the general acceptance of the realistic need for cooperation with Germany. Podcast with one of 2,000 Danish policemen in Buchenwald. The Danish government and king functioned as relatively normal in a de facto protectorate over the country until 29 August 1943, when Germany placed Denmark under direct military occupation, which lasted until the Allied victory on 5 May 1945. Believing the attack was imminent, the troops were placed on full alert at 13:30 on 8 April. [17] A further four Danish soldiers were wounded, while one German armored car was damaged. The majority of Danes, however, were unwillingly compliant towards the Germans. The largest of the camps, Oksbl Refugee Camp, in Oksbl on the west coast of Jutland, held 37,000 refugees. "Denmark and the German Occupation: Cooperation, Negotiation, or Collaboration,", This page was last edited on 23 October 2022, at 10:40. In 1945 alone, more than 13,000 people died, among them some 7,000 children under the age of five. But this was established by the occupation. There were many issues that they had to work out with Germany in the months after the occupation. The government refused to agree to this. [32], For propaganda purposes, the German High Command tried to present the invasion of Denmark as a peaceful one, so it would be believed that Denmark did not put up any resistance to it.[33]. The disruptions to the European trading network were also damaging to the economy, but all things considered, Denmark did quite well compared to other countries during the war. [16] There was a general feeling that the unpleasant reality of German occupation must be confronted in the most realistic way possible, given the international situation. In a coordinated operation, German ships began disembarking troops at the docks in Copenhagen. On 24 July 1945, the British occupation force, contrary to Danish expectations, decided that the refugees must stay in Denmark until the situation in Germany had stabilized. The government had attempted to discourage sabotage and violent resistance to the occupation, but by the autumn of 1942 the numbers of violent acts of resistance were increasing steadily to the point that Germany declared Denmark "enemy territory" for the first time. Rex" ("Giving my best thanks. An extensive network of radar systems was built in Denmark to detect British bombers bound for Germany. Scavenius felt strongly that he was Denmark's most ardent defender. [6] The German forces were technologically sophisticated and numerous; the Danish forces comparatively tiny and used obsolete equipment; partially a result of a pre-war policy of trying to avoid antagonizing Germany by supplying the army with modern equipment. Published 2002, page 281. they also hoped to score propaganda points by making Denmark, in Hitler's words, "a model protectorate";[14] The building of the camp was for the sole purpose of keeping Danish Jews and other prisoners within Denmark's borders.[38]. Hur ka salivproduktionen? The German Reich was formally represented by a Reichsbevollmchtigter ('Reich Plenipotentiary'), i.e. Yes, it was, and this can be found by a quick google search: During most of World War II, Denmark was first a protectorate, then an occupied territory under Germany. It culminated in an uproar, where the Guardsmen attempted to rearm themselves. This debate concluded that three red lines existed: 1) No legislation discriminating against Jews, 2) Denmark should never join the Axis Pact between Germany, Italy, and Japan, 3) No unit of the Danish army should ever fight against foreign forces. After less than two hours of struggle, Danish Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning ended the opposition to the German attack, for fear that the Germans would bomb Copenhagen, as they had done with Warsaw during the invasion of Poland in September 1939. Approximately 6,000 Danes were sent to concentration camps during World War II,[38] of whom about 600 (10%) died. Instead, Danish authorities established a camp-internal medical system with German medical personnel, which took some time to work adequately. [31] As the German aircraft reached Vrlse, one Fokker C.V-E reconnaissance aircraft was getting airborne,[31] but was shot down by a Messerschmitt Bf 110 flown by Hauptmann Wolfgang Falck at an altitude of 50 metres (200'). An extensive network of radar systems was built in Denmark to detect British bombers bound for Germany. [45], Following the reported peaceful occupation of Denmark, Allied views on Denmark were contemptuous. [40] The situation was worst in the months right before and after the capitulation, when Danish hospitals and doctors were reluctant to treat German refugees. In September 1943, a variety of resistance groups grouped together in the Danish Freedom Council, which coordinated resistance activities. At the following reception, the Italian ambassador described Scavenius as "a fish dragged on land a small old gentleman in a suit asking himself how on earth he got to this place". DENMARK IS OCCUPIED On the morning of 9 April 1940 Denmark was attacked by Germany. Seeing that his attack was failing, the German regimental commander radioed for support and three German Henschel Hs 126 aircraft soon appeared. For most of the war, the country was a protectorate and then an occupied territory of Germany. Instead, Danish authorities established a camp-internal medical system with German medical personnel which took some time to work adequately. The German occupation of Norway and Denmark, which the German newspapers tell us was done to safeguard their freedom and security, continues according to schedule, according to military circles in Berlin. However, the number is considered an exaggeration by many historians. The Danes tried to escape on motorcycles[16] but the Germans surrounded them with armoured vehicles and captured them. He watered down the wording but left the content pretty intact. In October the Germans decided to remove all Jews from Denmark, but thanks to an information leak from German diplomat Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz and swift action by Danish civilians, the vast majority of the Danish Jews were transported to safety in neutral Sweden by means of fishing boats and motorboats. They continually refused to enter a customs and currency union with Germany. Unlike Norway, Denmark had no mountain ranges where a drawn-out resistance could be mounted. 1,850 sailors died. Danish industrialist (portrayed by Jesper Christensen of James Bond fame) , cooperates and profits from the German occupation of Denmark. Resistance would have been suicidal and without any chance of success. As the war dragged on, the Danish population became increasingly hostile to the Germans. [23] 2.1% voted for the Nazi party, almost corresponding to the 1.8% the party had received in the 1939 elections. The danger of saying noI would not like to see a Terboven here. Hvad der virkelig skete", "Die Deutschen Besatzungspolitik in Dnemark", Prices on food 19401945: Nazi price policy in occupied Denmark, "Hvad var det, der skete den 29. august 1943 tidligt om morgenen? King Christian X remained in Denmark throughout the war, a symbol of courage much appreciated by his subjects. May 5, 2015 marks the 70thanniversary of the liberation of Denmark from Nazi Germany, so the latest installment of American Chimera's e-archeology project of digging up my old Manion's International Auction House listings and Trendline articles features a special piece published in 2000. When the misunderstanding was later cleared up, most of the Danish soldiers stayed in Sweden and would form the core of the Danish Brigade in Sweden in 1943.
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