The coal industry had continued to decline and by the end of 1981 there were only 173 mines still in operation. Arthur Scargill was elected President of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM). Feb. 20 -- Miners reject peace plan by trades unionleaders and government. the 1964 Act does not extend to Scotland." Image: Battle of Orgreave, 18 June 1984. 18 June Battle of Orgreave takes place at the Orgreave Coking plant near Rotherham. For an overview of these documents see the British Miners' Strike 1984/85 Collection. Sun, 29/04/1984 - 22:00. Pit Closures Announced Mar 12, 1984. Lancaster citizens formed both a Miners Support Group and hosted a summer camp for the children of Northumberland mining families. Chancellor Winston Churchill presented his first Budget. 1911: Revolution in Mexico, . "Breach of the peace and obstruction of police constables in the execution of their duty (contrary to Section 41 of the Police (Scotland) Act 1967) are the offences most likely to be of use in dealing with mass picketing." Workers at the pit walked out in protest. The former chair of British Steel, noted for his ruthless closures and redundancies in pursuit of profit, was committed to seeing the Coal Industry turn a profit by whatever means necessary. Opposition Labor Party accuses Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives of intervening directly to defeat miners. In March 1984 more than 187,000 miners came out on strike when the National Coal Board . Ambulance men issued with riot helmets and shields. March 17 -- Midlands, Northeast and Northwest miners vote against strike. The miners strike officially ended when many areas called for a return to work. "..I suggest that we should go ahead now with setting up a Ministerial Group [the Cabinet Ministerial Group on Coal ("CMGC") in the MISC series to consider all aspects of the situation which may be of concern to Ministers: industrial relations, law and order, power station endurance, the effect on the economy, the scope for mitigating action by the Government, and the handling of the media. Dec. 2 -- Special union conference votes to fight on. [33], Throughout the dispute the Scottish police have maintained their low profile tactics deploying only the minimum number of officers to enable working miners to go to their place of work. Oct. 28 -- Sunday Times discloses the miners asked Libya for money. A 10-month miners' strike had taken place in South Wales in 1910, followed by a national miners' strike in 1912. . The miners went on strike from March 1984 to March 1985. He should establish in particular whether Scottish Chief Constables were willing as a matter of policy to take action similar to that in England to prevent pickets from going to the scene of possible disturbances[21]. Maltby Picket Violence Sep 26, 1984 . The Minister of State for the Armed Forces had replied that no such preparations had been made." 98 to 91 decide to end the strike in March 1985, Mr. Strang, Labour, MP, Edinburgh Does the Solicitor-General for Scotland recall the representations that he received from my hon. 2 April 1984 "the Ministry of Defence, while maintaining the lowest possible profile, had responded to requests to provide accommodation and messing facilities for a number of police personnel. Demanding a government apology for Thatcher's ruthless attack on the miners sounds hollow coming from Labour MPs. The Coal industry was nationalised and placed under the control of the National Coal Board. The Prime Minister gave instructions to the Secretary of State for Scotland, pointing out what he "should" do: "The Prime Minister, summing up the discussion.The Secretary of State for Scotland should explore and report on the questions raised in the discussion about the policing of the dispute in Scotland. Scargill Declares National Strike Jun 18, 1984. He was succeeded by James Callaghan. The government announced plans to close 23 coal mines across the country. A general election was held and she won the election with an increased majority of 144 seats in the House of Commons. March 3 -- Special delegate conference votes to end strike. Although practice varies in light of particular circumstances, the police normally seek to allow a limited number of pickets up to the pit entrance to enable them to communicate with working miners. The miners' strike 1984-85 February 2022 Other lives Michael McColgan obituary Other lives: Former academic who retrained as a solicitor and worked for families affected by the Hillsborough. Scottish miners joined the action and by 12 March, half Britain's 187,000 miners had downed tools. Please Note: This document was added to the archive in conjunction with a number of documents from the 1984/1985 British Miners Strike and support work in Tallaght, Dublin. National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) President Arthur Scargill unites various strikes into nationwide industrial action, without a ballot[13]. The Miners Strike was ruled illegal on the grounds that a national ballot of NUM members had not been held. It was led by Arthur Scargill of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) against the National Coal Board (NCB), a government agency. This confrontation between striking miners and police, dubbed by some as the Battle of Orgreave, was the subject of a TV re-enactmentin 2001, conceived and organized by artist Jeremy Dellerand recorded by Mike Figgisfor the TV Channel 4. The 1984 miners' strike was the most bitter industrial dispute in British history. 82 arrests, 62 people injured in clashes at Orgreave. 1984. Violence in mining villages situation report[43]. Reasons for both the generation and the persistence of that mythology are sought. The NUM called for a ban on overtime in protest at a pay rise of 5.2%. Home secretary makes a speech: "The police will be given all the backing they need to deal with these various forms of lawlessness. When will there be some change in the situation? Ministerial Group on Coal minutes[19]. August 1989 Numerous pit closures followed, coal mining ended in the Kent coalfield. Dec. 20 -- Nottinghamshire miners vote to defy union rules. 1983 Thatcher appoints Ian MacGregor, previous head of the British Steel Corporation, as head of the National Coal Board. Select from premium Miners Strike 1984 of the highest quality. The strike was marked by mass picketing, which aroused strong emotions. Read our cookie policy here or accept to continue. My name is Robert Gildea and I'm Professor Emeritus of Modern History at the University of Oxford and I'm a Fellow of the British Academy. A general election was held. May 30 -- Scargill arrested on Orgreave picket line. The Miners Strike 1984. Ministerial correspondence confirming the police role in the dispute is to uphold the law and order and they don't take direction from Ministers and no need for a public inquiry[29]. Advertising Disclosure - To help meet costs, we run advertisements across our site, including affiliate links to 3rd party retailers. Taxi driver David Wilkie was killed. "In short, the Scottish police lack neither the necessary resources nor powers to deal with the problems which the dispute in the mining industry has produced." The Miners' Strike 1984-85. The reduction in demand for coal led to some coal mines being closed. Wonderland: A timeline of the 1984/5 Miners' Strike, Wonderland Director announces exciting new staging plans, Video: Writer and Director introduce Wonderland. 12 March UK Government October 8, 2015. Please do not provide any personal information, All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except for graphic assets and where otherwise stated, Cabinet Secretary for Justice and Veterans, Independent Review Impact On Communities Of The Policing Of The Miners' Strike 1984-85 - Final Report, 2. Oct. 24 -- Supervisors strike called off. The US president also shared a post on Twitter accusing Dr Anthony Fauci of misleading the public over hydroxychloroquine. The view of Chief Police Officers, who had been consulted, was that civil action in the courts was not in present circumstances likely to make the task of policing the dispute any easier." The coal industry was privatised. May 29 -- Worst violence so far. The winter had been particularly harsh that year and most families were unable to afford heating as the NUM's funds had been seized by the government in October of '84 and miners were unable to claim state benefits because . Many of these mines were in poor economic areas and the miners would find it almost impossible to gain employment elsewhere. May 1 -- Rival groups of miners throw stones and hurl bricks at each other when 5,000 working miners stage a right-to-work march. Gascoyne, a forceful 59-year-old ex-faceworker who swears a lot, was the branch secretary of the National Union of Mineworkers throughout the strike of 1984-85 and until the pit closed. Timeline of the 198485 miners' strike. Oct. 16 -- Pit supervisors vote to strike Oct. 25. It has in fact been reported today that a coach has been stopped. "The main burden in the handling of the dispute continued to fall on the police. This is how the local newspaper The East Lothian News summed up its reporting as the miners went back to work. Mr. Hamilton had the opportunity to be tried before a jury. Violence on the picket lines becomes more widespread. Chief Constable of Strathclyde wondering what attitude to take following a request to appear before a special meeting of the Police and Fire Committee to have clarified police involvement in matters of picketing[25]. Protestors have been out of work for six months and the lack of income is starting to take its toll. Over 5,600 stood trial and more than 100 were jailed, although 1,504 were released without charge. Ian MacGregor announced that around 20 unprofitable coal mines would be closed over the coming year. July 9 -- National dock strike over movement of coal. Letter from Secretary of State for Scotland, George Younger, to Chief Constables of Scottish police, "In carrying out their role of upholding the rule of law and protecting the rights of those who wished to work, often in the face of violence, they have, once again, demonstrated their skill and efficiency and reminded us of how much we depend upon the police for the maintenance of freedom and order." Major Events of the 1984 UK Miners' Strike. Professor Robert Gildea FBA examines the 1984-85 miners' strike through the lenses of class, community and family. The result was a hung parliament and Labour formed a minority government. It was a legal requirement for a national ballot to be held prior to strike action and, although many miners supported the strike, there were others who did not. 6 March 1984 - National Coal Board announces plans to close 20 coal mines, with a loss of 20,000 jobs. All teacher-made, aligned with the Australian Curriculum. Statement by Michael Ancram, Conservative Minister: "The role of the police is to uphold the law and order and secure the rights of those who wish to work. 1984 1 March National Coal Board (NCB) announces closure of Cortonwood pit in Yorkshire - miners at the pit walk out6 March The Women Against Pit Closures group held a rally in Barnsley. Chief constables are, as you know very sensitive about the impression, which the Opposition are attempting to foster, that they are taking political sides, and are indeed subject to Ministerial direction.". The lessons of the miners' strike - and its defeat - are of great significance to the future of the workers' movement, and deserve thorough study. He had worked underground as a miner at Silverwood Colliery, Rotherham . May 23 - First talks break down. An unsuccessful court action could be a serious setback to efforts to withstand the strike. Butlin was speaking in December 1984. The difference in landscape and the higher number of farmers and land workers in the north could be accounted for in this difference. More Information and Timeline for the Sino-British Joint Declaration. This thematic account of responses from women in mining families, from the Labour Party and from communities, in Durham County, to the 1984-85 miners' strike, firmly separates mythology about the strike, generated both inside and outside the coalfield, from what actually happened. June 15 -- Miner killed by truck at Ferrybridge power station. The strike by the National Union of Mineworkers began on 6th March 1984, in response to pit closures, wage restraints and heavy reductions in government subsidies. Police arrest 110. A ballot of South Wales miners showed only 10 out of the 28 pits wanted to strike. It was built as a pit village. "Any comment made as a result of current press speculation about the possible use of servicemen to move pithead coal stocks should be based on a written answer given on 9 April to a question by Mr Nellist about whether the Ministry of Defence had "made specific preparations for military aid to the civil power in connection with the current dispute in the coal mining industry". The 850 miners working at the pit would lose their jobs. Around 5,000 women attended. The loan was granted on condition that the government made cuts to public spending. In East Lothian many communities were affected. Adeney, M. & J. Lloyd (1986) The Miners' Strike 1984-5: Loss Without Limit (Routledge) London. June 21 -- Coal Board chief Ian McGregor warns the strike 'could go on until December or even longer.' June 18 -- Scargill knocked. The 850 miners working at the pit would lose their jobs. The Yorkshire branch of the NUM used the results of a ballot held in 1981 to call Yorkshire miners out on strike. March 12 1984 - National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) chief Arthur Scargill unites various strikes into nationwide industrial action, without a ballot. On 29 March 2014 I was in the audience of this conference. November A growing number of miners decide to return to work as Christmas looms. March 14 -- Violent picketing shuts down more mines. Throughout the 1984 miners' strike, Workers Power has fought for the TUC to call a general strike. The Miners' Strike of 1984-5 was an event of huge national significance that also affected Lancaster and the surrounding area. When intimidation began on a substantial scale, the police responded by patrolling the pit villages in order to give protection to those who were threatened, and they made it clear that any report of intimidation would be investigated with vigour. Not long into the strike the slogan was invented, 'close a pit, kill a community'. Riot in Easington in Durham Sep 21, 1984. The year-long strike involved hardship and violence as pit communities from South Wales to Scotland fought to retain their local collieries - for many the only source of employment. We use cookies to collect anonymous data to help us improve your site browsing On 6th March 1984, the National Coal Board announced that the agreement reached after the 1974 strike had become obsolete, and that to rationalise government subsidisation of industry they intended to close 20 coal mines, with a loss of 20,000 jobs, and many . The miners threatened strike action and the government backed down due to low levels of stockpiled coal. Miners Strike 1984 - 1985, Pictured. That is why the Government and the NCB are isolated on this matter. Key Players . 12 March Arthur Scargill, president of NUM, unites various strikes into nationwide industrial action, without a ballot. Nov. 19 -- Back to work move accelerates. Reed and Adamson, Miners Strike 1984-1985, pp.44-5, 53-4. No special instructions or guidelines have been issued by the Crown Office to the police or procurators fiscal[18]. The Gu https://t.co/lw48rnfXwb, We are excited to watch @djhenshall on ITV @thismorning discussing #HTMary Tune in at 10.25 today to learn more o https://t.co/lxVadJ0XHA, What is next in November for #CommunityCreates? LONDON -- Following is a chronology of events in Britain's miners strike, the longest major labor dispute in the nation's history: --- 1984 March 6 -- State-run National Coal Board announces plans to cut coal output by 4 million tons to stem annual loss of $340 million a year. 1888 The National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) is established (and later affiliated with the Labour Party in 1909). Photograph shows a coal gleaning miner carrying a sack of gleaned coal home during the 1984-85 NUM strike. Union leader Arthur Scargill walks out when officialsr refuse to discuss closure plans. March 1 -- Pressure from regional coalfields to abandon strike. The free marketeers pointed to the 1970s as a decade of strikes and discontent, the 3 day week, a car . They were buried when wet soil slid down the embankment. The Miners' Strike - 1984-85 Downloads Pickets, Police and Politics: The Miners' Strike 1984-1985 The coal industry underwent great changes following nationalisation in 1947. Requests for certain other assistance and facilities had been declined as likely to be counter-productive. " At the CMGC, there was discussion of the policing of the Strike in Scotland: "It was not clear whether the Scottish Chief Constables were prepared to go as far as their English counterparts to prevent pickets from going to the scene of a possible disturbance. Coal mines began to be closed. 5,000 striking miners clashed with the same number of police and violence broke out resulting in 51 picketers and 72 policemen being injured. There are many ways to get to us whether it be by tube, train, bus, car, bike or on foot. Feb. 27 -- More than 50 perent of miners back at work. Tony Mulhearn, Liverpool 47 councillor 1983-87. Today I'm going to talk about the miners' strike of 1984-5. Strikes began and NUM President, Arthur Scargill used flying pickets (miners from other areas to increase numbers on picket lines) to stop those who wanted to work (strike breakers or Scabs) from entering the pits. 81 pits are out but 83 work normally. The High Court in Scotland has fairly recently held that there is no limit to the kind of conduct which may give rise to a charge of breach of the peace." UK Miners Strike 1984 1985. The full force of the police, the courts and the media were mobilised to defeat the miners, culminating with the battle of Orgreave on 18 June 1984. May 25 -- Mass picketing of Orgreave coking plant. Union moderates call for a strike ballot. September Thousands of miners and police clash at Malty Colliery near Rotherham. Jim Rawson suffered broken bones but survived. 1984: The beginning of the end for British coal. Minutes from Ministerial Group on Coal[32], 18 June The battle of Orgreave, South Yorkshire 5,000 riot police took on 5,000 protestors.
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